International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET)
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) is an international journal that publishes popular articles in the fields of Social Science, Education, Economics, Agricultural Research, Agricultural Economics, International Law, Human Right Society, Art and Humanities, International Managements, Science Engineering and Technology. In accordance with the decree issued by Director General of Research and Development of the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Technology, bearing the reference Number 295/C/C3/KPT/2026 Dated January 2, 2026 Concerning the Accreditation Ranking of Scientific Journals Period II, the "International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET)" journal has been bestowed with the esteemed National SINTA 3 Ranking Still 2025-2030. IJSET is published every month in order to help researchers publish their research results quickly. The advantages of IJSET include: international indexing, fast review and publication processes, and affordable costs.
THE EFFECT OF WORKLOAD AND COMPENSATION ON INPATIENT NURSE TURNOVER INTENTION AT TYPE C HOSPITAL, WEST JAKARTA WITH JOB STRESS AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE
Nurses are professionals who play a crucial role in hospital services, and high turnover intention can impact the quality of healthcare services. Increased workload due to changes in hospital status and suboptimal compensation are suspected to be factors influencing the emergence of job stress and turnover intention. This study used a cross-sectional quantitative approach with a survey method through a questionnaire to inpatient nurses. The data analysis technique used was Smart PLS. The variables studied included workload, compensation, job stress, and turnover intention . The results showed that workload did not have a significant effect on turnover intention directly. However, workload had a significant effect on job stress, and job stress had a positive effect on turnover intention . In addition, compensation had a negative and significant effect on turnover intention and on job stress. Mediation testing showed that job stress was able to mediate the effect of workload on turnover intention , but was unable to mediate the effect of compensation on turnover intention . The conclusion of this study is that job stress is a key variable in explaining the relationship between workload and turnover intention. Meanwhile, compensation has a direct effect on turnover intention without going through job stress. Therefore, hospital management needs to manage workload and work stress effectively and improve the compensation system to control nurse turnover intention .
Copyright (c) 2026 Alexander Yosua Santoso, Bernard T. Widjaja, Wani Devita Gunardi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CONSPICUOUS CONSERVATION: THE ROLE OF SUSTAINABLE BRAND CHOICES IN SIGNALING IDENTITY AND SOCIAL STATUS
This article examines the concept of conspicuous conservation, focusing on how sustainable brand choices function as signals of identity and social status in contemporary consumer behavior. As sustainability becomes increasingly visible in the marketplace, consumers are not only motivated by environmental concerns but also by the desire to express values and gain social recognition. Using a narrative literature review, this study integrates insights from marketing, sociology, and consumer psychology to explore the dual role of sustainable consumption as both ethical behavior and symbolic signaling. The findings highlight key themes, including sustainability as identity expression, status signaling through ethical consumption, the role of visibility, and the tension between intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. The study further explains the mechanisms of conspicuous conservation, emphasizing the importance of social comparison, cultural context, and public visibility in shaping consumer behavior. In addition, several moderating factors are identified, such as income, cultural norms, brand credibility, and consumer awareness. A conceptual framework is proposed to illustrate how sustainable choices translate into social recognition and consumer outcomes. The article contributes by linking sustainability with signaling theory and offers practical implications for designing authentic and effective sustainable branding strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suharti, Lukmanul Hakim, Dahrul Aman Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY AND LEARNING CLIMATE ON INCIDENT REPORTING BEHAVIOR
Incident reporting is a crucial component of patient safety systems; however, underreporting remains a persistent issue in healthcare organizations. This study aims to analyze the effect of psychological safety and learning climate on incident reporting behavior among healthcare professionals. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed, involving healthcare workers at Hospital X as respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that psychological safety has a positive and significant effect on incident reporting behavior, suggesting that individuals are more likely to report incidents when they feel safe from blame or negative consequences. Learning climate also shows a positive and significant effect, indicating that a supportive environment that promotes learning and non-punitive responses to errors enhances reporting practices. Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence incident reporting behavior. The coefficient of determination (R²) shows that 50.7% of the variation in reporting behavior can be explained by psychological safety and learning climate.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ince Rosmini, Kosasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF HUMAN–ELEPHANT CONFLICT AND ITS ECONOMIC IMPACTS USING A COMMUNITY-BASED APPROACH IN THE PEUSANGAN WATERSHED, ACEH
Human–elephant conflict has become an increasingly significant environmental issue in Indonesia, particularly in the Peusangan Watershed, Aceh, affecting ecological, social, and economic aspects of local communities. This study aims to identify the main factors causing human–elephant conflict, analyze its economic impacts, and examine community-based mitigation efforts implemented at the local level. The research employed a descriptive exploratory approach using an ex-post facto method through interviews and field observations involving communities in Pantan Lah, Blang Rakal, and Karang Ampar villages. The results indicate that the conflict is primarily driven by habitat loss and fragmentation, microclimate changes, resource competition, and negative community perceptions toward elephants. The highest number of conflict cases was recorded in Karang Ampar Village (53 cases), followed by Blang Rakal (14 cases) and Pantan Lah (9 cases). The economic losses resulting from damage to agricultural and plantation land were estimated at IDR 2,733,800,000, leading to decreased productivity and community welfare. Community-based mitigation efforts include patrol activities, elephant deterrence measures, and participatory mapping of elephant movement corridors. These findings highlight that a community-based approach plays a crucial role in supporting sustainable conflict mitigation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhardi, Ernawita, Syifa Saputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOCHAR AND MICROBIAL APPLICATIONS IN SWEET SORGUM (SORGUM BICOLOR L.) CROPS ON SEAWATER-INTRUDED MEDIA
This study aims to determine the effect of biochar and microbial application on the growth and yield of sweet sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in in seawater-intruded media. Biochar functions to improve soil structure and increase water retention and nutrient efficiency, while tobacco microbes have the potential to act as biological agents. The study employed a Split-Plot Design with two factors: biochar (0, 40, 80, 120 g/polybag) and microbes (0, 5, 10, 15 ml/polybag), each with three replications. Analysis results indicated that biochar application significantly influenced the parameters of seeds per panicle and seed weight per plot. The biochar treatment at a dose of 80 g/polybag produced the highest number of seeds per panicle at 74.54 seeds, while the treatment without biochar (B0) yielded the highest seed weight per plot at 57.65 g. The application of microorganisms and the interaction between biochar and microorganisms did not show a significant effect on all observed parameters. Biochar was proven effective in increasing sorghum yield on salt-intruded land through improved generative growth when applied at the optimal dose.
Copyright (c) 2026 Akbar Kurniawan, Rini Sulistiani, Dafni Mawar Tarigan, Wan Arfiani Barus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE SYNERGY OF HUMAN AND AI CREATIVITY: AN EXPERIMENT IN CO-CREATING EFFECTIVE MARKETING CONTENT
This study explores the synergy between human and artificial intelligence (AI) creativity in the co-creation of effective marketing content. As generative AI tools become increasingly integrated into marketing practices, understanding how human and AI capabilities interact has become essential. Using an experimental approach, this research compares human-created, AI-generated, and co-created content across key dimensions, including creativity, authenticity, engagement, and overall effectiveness. The findings reveal that while human-created content excels in emotional depth and authenticity, and AI-generated content demonstrates strengths in efficiency and scalability, co-created content consistently achieves the most balanced and effective outcomes. Perceived creativity and authenticity emerge as critical mediating factors that influence consumer responses, shaping trust, engagement, and persuasive impact. The study also highlights the role of moderating factors such as consumer familiarity with AI and task complexity in determining the effectiveness of different content creation modes. A conceptual framework is proposed to explain the relationships between content creation mode, perceptual mediators, and marketing outcomes. This research contributes to the literature on hybrid creativity and provides practical insights for marketers seeking to optimize content strategies through human–AI collaboration.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ma’rifah, Lukmanul Hakim, Tibrani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF GOOD GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES (TRANSPARENCY, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND PARTICIPATION) ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MANAGEMENT: AN EXPLANATORY SEQUENTIAL MIXED METHODS STUDY IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN EAST KALIMANTAN
This study aims to analyze the influence of transparency, accountability, and participation on the effectiveness of school management. The study employed a mixed methods approach with a sequential explanatory design, involving the collection and analysis of quantitative data, followed by qualitative data to deepen the research findings. The sample consisted of 43 respondents, consisting of principals, teachers, and administrative staff from several public and private schools. Data collection techniques included questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The quantitative analysis showed that transparency, accountability, and participation simultaneously had a significant influence on the effectiveness of school management. However, only participation had a significant effect, while transparency and accountability did not. The coefficient determination test showed that the three variables explained 76.6% of the variation in school management effectiveness. The qualitative analysis revealed that participation was the primary factor influencing the effectiveness of school management, due to the active involvement of teachers and education staff in program planning, implementation, and evaluation. Meanwhile, transparency and accountability have been implemented but tend to be administrative in nature and have not been optimally utilized in decision-making. Data integration shows that the effectiveness of school management is more influenced by active participation than by formal transparency and accountability. Therefore, improving the quality of participation is key to achieving effective school management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irriyanti, Syaharudin, Warni Juwita, Widyatmike Gede Mulawarman, Mukhamad Nurhadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GREEN INVESTMENT, DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AND DIGITAL FINANCE CAPABILITY ON FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
This study aims to examine the role of Digital Finance Capability (DFC) in moderating the influence of green investment and digital technology on the financial sustainability of MSMEs. MSMEs, which play an important role in the Indonesian economy, often face obstacles in accessing technology and financing that can support financial sustainability. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with a survey of MSMEs that have utilized digital technology and green investment. Primary data will be collected through a questionnaire distributed to MSME actors. The analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the relationship between the variables studied. The results of the study show that green investment does not have a significant effect on financial sustainability, while digital technology and digital finance capabilities have an effect on financial sustainability. Digital finance capabilities cannot moderate the influence of green investment and digital technology on financial sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Debbi Chyntia Ovami, Sari Wulandari, Junita Putri Rajana Harahap, Noor Marini Haji Abdullah, Noreen Azella Nawi, Suci Agsani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF COMMODITY PRICES, PROFITABILITY, AND LEVERAGE ON STOCK PRICES IN PALM OIL INDUSTRY COMPANIES
This study analyzes the effect of commodity prices, profitability, and leverage on stock prices. The sample of this study consists of 21 palm oil plantation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2022–2024 period, selected using the purposive sampling method. The analytical method employed is panel data regression. The results show that commodity prices do not have a significant effect on stock prices, while profitability and leverage have a positive and significant effect on stock prices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Afni Yunita, Rany Gesta Putri Rais, Indrayani, Mursidah, Anisa Zulhikmah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE RELATIONSHIP WE WANT, AND WE NEED WITH THE ENGAGEMENT OF MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS AND THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE QUALITY OF CLINICAL SERVICES IN MUHAMMADIYAH HOSPITAL, NORTH SUMATERA
This study examines the relationship between intrinsic motivation (We Want) and organizational support (We Need) with professional engagement and their implications for clinical service quality at Muhammadiyah General Hospital, North Sumatra. The study aims to analyze how internal and external factors influence engagement among medical professionals and how this engagement contributes to service quality. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed involving 32 respondents selected from medical professionals. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. The results indicate that intrinsic motivation has a positive and significant relationship with professional engagement, while organizational support demonstrates a stronger influence on engagement levels. Furthermore, professional engagement significantly affects clinical service quality, indicating that engaged medical professionals are more committed, responsive, and adherent to clinical standards. However, findings also reveal that organizational support remains suboptimal, particularly in leadership and communication aspects, which may hinder optimal engagement. Overall, clinical service quality is perceived as good but is primarily driven by individual commitment rather than systemic organizational support. These findings highlight the importance of balancing intrinsic motivation and organizational support to enhance engagement and improve sustainable healthcare service quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nora Damayanti, Crismis Novalinda Ginting, Muhammad Faridz Syahrian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EVOLUTION OF CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE (CX) CONSTRUCT: AN INTEGRATIVE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Customer Experience (CX) has emerged as a critical construct in contemporary marketing and management due to increasing competition and rising customer expectations. Traditionally, firms focused on service quality and customer satisfaction; however, the growing complexity of customer interactions has shifted attention toward holistic and multidimensional experiences. Despite its importance, the CX construct remains fragmented, with diverse definitions, dimensions, and theoretical perspectives across disciplines. This lack of integration creates challenges for both researchers and practitioners in understanding and managing CX effectively. To address this gap, this study adopts a qualitative approach using a systematic literature review to examine the evolution of CX and synthesize existing knowledge into a unified conceptual framework. The findings reveal that CX has evolved through transactional, relational, experiential, and digital phases, reflecting broader changes in business environments. The study identifies four key dimensions—functional, emotional, social, and digital—that interact dynamically across the customer journey to influence outcomes such as satisfaction, loyalty, and advocacy. The proposed integrative framework consolidates these dimensions into a cohesive model, addressing fragmentation in the literature and extending existing theories by incorporating digital and omnichannel perspectives. The study concludes that CX is a dynamic, multidimensional construct requiring a holistic management approach. It recommends future empirical validation and highlights the importance of leveraging emerging technologies to enhance customer experience in an increasingly experience-driven economy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahayu Syahputri, Lukmanul Hakim, Dahrul Aman Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PRIVACY CALCULUS IN THE ERA OF ZERO-PARTY DATA: HOW VALUE EXCHANGE FRAMING SHAPES WILLINGNESS TO DISCLOSE
This article explores the privacy calculus in the era of zero-party data, focusing on how value exchange framing influences consumers’ willingness to disclose personal information. As digital marketing shifts away from third-party tracking toward consent-based data practices, understanding the factors that drive voluntary data sharing has become increasingly important. Drawing on a narrative literature review, this study integrates insights from marketing, consumer behavior, and privacy research to examine how individuals evaluate the trade-off between perceived benefits and perceived risks. The findings highlight that value exchange framing—whether functional, emotional, or monetary—plays a critical role in shaping perceptions of value and influencing disclosure decisions. Functional and emotional framing tend to enhance perceived relevance and trust, while monetary incentives may produce mixed effects by raising concerns about data exploitation. The study also identifies key moderating factors, including privacy concerns, trust in brands, and data literacy, which influence how consumers interpret value propositions. A conceptual framework is proposed to illustrate the relationships between value framing, mediating perceptions, and disclosure outcomes. The article contributes to theory by extending privacy calculus in the context of zero-party data and offers practical insights for designing transparent and effective data-sharing strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shinta Widyastati, Lukmanul Hakim, Tibrani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY BASED EDUCATION FINANCING REFORM: AN INTEGRATIVE MODEL FOR REALIZING A SUSTAINABLE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN BALIKPAPAN CITY BY 2025
Education financing is a strategic pillar in realizing an inclusive, equitable, and sustainable regional education system. Balikpapan City, which now plays a vital role as the main buffer zone for the Indonesian Capital City (IKN), faces new challenges in the form of a surge in population migration that has triggered a capacity crisis for educational facilities. This study presents an in-depth analysis of education financing policies in Balikpapan City in 2025. Using a qualitative approach with a policy evaluation framework and a literature review, this report evaluates the effectiveness of flagship regional programs such as the Provision of Free Uniforms and Private School Tuition Subsidies funded by the Regional Budget (APBD). Although these programs have successfully alleviated the burden on the community, evidence-based analysis (EBP) found that inefficient poverty data and universal budget allocations make these interventions less effective in addressing the fundamental problem, namely the lack of physical classrooms. As a solution, an Integrative Model for Education Financing was formulated that shifts the funding paradigm towards a Public-Private-People Partnership (PPPP) scheme. This model synergizes the regional budget (APBD) with the optimization of the Balikpapan Mayoral Regulation on One Integrated Regional Data, and draws on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds from the local oil and gas processing industry. This analysis recommends that the Balikpapan City Government strengthen data digitization to ensure precise subsidy interventions and direct private partnership funds toward school infrastructure development, supporting the vision of Balikpapan Comfortable for All 2045.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hafid Murgantara, Kasmal, Sulfi Ardiansyah, Mukhamad Nurhadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE DARK SIDE OF PERSONALIZATION: WHEN DATA-DRIVEN CUSTOMIZATION ERODES PERCEIVED AUTONOMY AND TRIGGERS REACTANCE
This article examines the dark side of data-driven personalization, focusing on how customization practices can erode perceived autonomy and trigger psychological reactance among consumers. While personalization enhances relevance, convenience, and engagement, it also raises concerns related to privacy, control, and perceived manipulation. Drawing on a narrative literature review, this study synthesizes insights from marketing and consumer psychology to explore the tension between personalization benefits and consumer discomfort. The findings highlight key themes, including the personalization–privacy paradox, perceived loss of control, and the role of trust and transparency. The study further explains the mechanism of reactance, where perceptions of manipulation lead to threats to freedom of choice, resulting in resistance, avoidance, and negative behavioral outcomes. In addition, several moderating factors are identified, such as the level of personalization, consumer data literacy, trust in brands, and cultural differences. A conceptual framework is proposed, linking personalization practices to perceived autonomy and privacy concerns, which in turn influence consumer responses. The article contributes by integrating psychological theory with marketing practice and offers managerial implications for designing ethical and user-centered personalization strategies. Future research should empirically validate the framework across contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Neni Asmayati, Lukmanul Hakim, Dahrul Aman Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF JOB STRESS AND QUIET QUITTING ON TURNOVER INTENTION WITH BURNOUT AS A MEDIATION VARIABLE AMONG MOTOR SAILING VESSEL CREWS IN BONTANG CITY
This study aims to analyze the effect of job stress and quiet quitting on turnover intention with burnout as a mediating variable among Motor Sailing Vessel (MSV) crews in Bontang City, East Kalimantan. The high work pressure and changing work behaviors are critical issues in the traditional shipping sector. A quantitative approach with an explanatory design was used. The population included all active MSV crews (395 respondents) using a census technique. Data were analyzed using SEM-PLS. The results show that job stress and quiet quitting have a positive and significant effect on burnout. Burnout also has a significant positive effect on turnover intention. Furthermore, burnout fully mediates the relationship between job stress and turnover intention, as well as between quiet quitting and turnover intention. The findings indicate that psychological work conditions are key factors driving crew turnover intention. Managerial implications emphasize the importance of stress management and burnout prevention to sustain the maritime workforce.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ade Bukti Ramadhan, Irsan Tricahyadinata, Irwansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF POLICE CIVIL SERVANTS (SATPOL PP) OFFICERS IN ENFORCEMENT OF PUBLIC ORDER: EMPIRICAL STUDY OF DISCIPLINE AND ETHICS
This study examines the performance of Satpol PP officers in enforcing public order, with a particular focus on work discipline and ethical behavior as fundamental aspects of public service accountability. Despite a clear legal mandate given to Satpol PP, challenges remain in ensuring that law enforcement practices are carried out in accordance with ethical standards and professional norms. This study aims to analyze how the legal framework and organizational factors influence the actual implementation of public order enforcement by Satpol PP officers. This study uses a normative-juridical approach combined with empirical qualitative methods. The normative analysis was conducted by examining laws and regulations, codes of ethics, and standard operating procedures that govern the authority and duties of Satpol PP. Empirical data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis involving Satpol PP officers and relevant stakeholders at the local government level. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and discrepancies between legal norms and field practices. The findings indicate that the gap between normative regulations and empirical implementation is influenced by factors such as leadership practices, organizational culture, legal understanding, and internal oversight mechanisms. These factors significantly influence the consistency of discipline and ethical behavior in enforcing public order. This study makes a practical contribution by offering recommendations for strengthening legal compliance, ethical governance, and performance evaluation mechanisms within the Public Order Agency (Satpol PP). Theoretically, this research enriches empirical legal studies by integrating normative analysis with field-based evidence in the context of public order enforcement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gugi Gustamam, Rizki Tri Anugrah Bhakti, Rabu, Dwi Afni Maileni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CROSS-CULTURAL MARKETING RESEARCH: ADVANCING MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE PRACTICES FOR ROBUST EQUIVALENCE TESTING
This study examines the current state of measurement invariance in cross-cultural marketing research, identifying a critical imbalance between widespread method usage and methodological rigor. Findings indicate that while Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MG-CFA) remains the dominant approach, its application is often incomplete, frequently stopping at configural or metric invariance. This failure to reach scalar invariance limits the validity of cross-cultural comparisons, particularly when comparing latent means. Furthermore, inconsistent reporting practices and a lack of transparency regarding model specifications and fit indices undermine the reproducibility and credibility of findings. The review identifies significant methodological challenges, including sample heterogeneity, cultural bias in measurement instruments, and limited statistical power, which complicate testing and lead to inconsistent results. Although advanced methodological trends like partial invariance and alignment optimization offer more flexible and nuanced solutions, their adoption remains uneven. This highlights a persistent gap between methodological innovation and actual research practices. To address these issues, the study recommends improving methodological training, standardizing reporting practices, and embracing open science to ensure more robust and reliable cross-cultural research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sistiana, Lukmanul Hakim, Dahrul Aman Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
METAVERSE MARKETING: CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS AND A RESEARCH AGENDA FOR BRAND PRESENCE, COMMUNITY, AND COMMERCE
This article examines the conceptual foundations of metaverse marketing and proposes a research agenda centered on three core dimensions: brand presence, community, and commerce. As immersive technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, blockchain, and artificial intelligence converge, the metaverse is emerging as a transformative environment for marketing practice. Drawing on a narrative literature review across marketing, technology, and consumer behavior, this study highlights the shift from traditional digital marketing toward interactive, experiential, and participatory engagement. The findings emphasize that effective brand presence in the metaverse requires immersive experiences and virtual storytelling, while community plays a critical role in fostering social interaction, co-creation, and brand advocacy. Commerce introduces new opportunities for value creation through virtual goods, digital assets, and decentralized transactions enabled by blockchain technologies. The article proposes a conceptual framework that integrates these three pillars and identifies key interaction mechanisms, including co-creation, engagement, and transactions, which drive outcomes such as brand equity, loyalty, and economic value. Additionally, moderating factors such as technology adoption, consumer motivations, and platform trust are discussed. The study contributes by offering a holistic framework and outlining future research directions for understanding and leveraging metaverse marketing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Subekti, Lukmanul Hakim, Tibrani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EQUITY IN EDUCATION BUDGET DISTRIBUTION: AN ANALYSIS OF INTER-REGIONAL INEQUALITY FROM A FISCAL EQUATY PERSPECTIVE IN EAST KALIMANTAN
Access to quality education is a constitutional right, but geographic and economic disparities often create gaps in education funding. This study aims to analyze the extent to which the distribution of education budgets in districts/cities in East Kalimantan Province meets the principles of fiscal equity. The primary focus is on identifying unequal allocations of education spending and the factors that drive disparities between resource-rich and underdeveloped regions. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with secondary data sourced from the most recent Budget Realization Reports (LRA) of districts/cities in East Kalimantan. Fiscal equity analysis is measured using the Gini Index to assess the degree of distribution inequality and the Coefficient of Variation to measure the dispersion of spending per student. Furthermore, horizontal equity analysis is used to compare equality between regions with different fiscal capacities. The analysis shows that significant disparities persist in education budget allocation in East Kalimantan. Regions with high natural resource (SDA) revenue sharing tend to have student education spending far exceeding the provincial average, while satellite and remote regions experience fiscal constraints. Although the 20% spending mandate has been administratively met, the effectiveness of its distribution does not fully reflect the principle of equity based on real regional needs (need-based distribution). This inequality indicates that reliance on regional original revenues and revenue-sharing funds creates a gap in the quality of educational infrastructure and human resources between regions. A fiscal equity perspective calls for intervention mechanisms through more asymmetric financial aid funds to balance weak regional fiscal capacity. Without distribution policy reform, education disparities in East Kalimantan risk widening long-term socio-economic disparities in the buffer zone of the Indonesian Capital City (IKN).
Copyright (c) 2026 Widyatmike Gede Mulawarman, Nurhadi, Nurhadi, Anggrayani, Arwiah, Dyah Retno Sulistyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE AGILE MARKETING PLAYBOOK: MANAGING STRATEGY IN A REAL-TIME WORLD
This article examines the growing role of agile marketing in managing strategy within a real-time, dynamic environment shaped by rapid digital transformation and evolving consumer behavior. Traditional marketing approaches, characterized by long planning cycles and limited flexibility, are increasingly insufficient in responding to fast-changing market conditions. Using a narrative literature review, this study synthesizes insights from academic and practitioner sources to explore key concepts, frameworks, and challenges associated with agile marketing. The findings highlight four core themes: agility as a strategic capability, continuous experimentation, customer-centricity, and data-driven decision-making. Based on these insights, the study proposes an Agile Marketing Playbook consisting of four components: strategic alignment, execution cycles, technology enablement, and team structure. This framework provides a structured approach for integrating agile principles into marketing strategy while maintaining alignment with broader organizational goals. The study contributes theoretically by extending agile concepts to the strategic level and offers practical guidance for organizations navigating real-time marketing complexities. However, its narrative approach limits comprehensiveness, suggesting the need for future empirical validation across contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Heni Esra Simanjuntak, Lukmanul Hakim, Dahrul Aman Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CIRCULAR ECONOMY BUSINESS MODELS: THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MARKETING IN SHAPING CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE AND BEHAVIOR
This study examines the role of marketing in influencing consumer acceptance and behavior within circular economy business models. While circular systems provide notable environmental and economic advantages, their effectiveness depends largely on consumers’ willingness to adopt new consumption patterns. The findings identify perceived value, trust, and awareness as key drivers of acceptance, while barriers such as ownership concerns, perceived risk, and unfamiliarity hinder adoption. The study highlights the importance of strategic marketing—through clear communication, storytelling, and value framing—in overcoming these challenges. It also emphasizes that consumer responses vary across demographic and cultural contexts, requiring targeted and adaptive approaches. Theoretically, this research integrates marketing principles with circular economy frameworks and proposes a conceptual model linking circular offerings, perceptual mediators, moderating factors, and behavioral outcomes. Practically, it offers insights for organizations implementing circular models, particularly the need to build trust, enhance value perception, and educate consumers. However, the study is limited by its conceptual nature and the evolving state of the field. Future research should focus on empirical validation, cross-cultural and longitudinal analysis, and the role of digital innovation in supporting circular adoption.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arios Zeus Sandry, Lukmanul Hakim, Tibrani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INFLUENCE OF WORK DISCIPLINE, WORK MOTIVATION AND COMPENSATION TO PERFORMANCE TEACHER IN TOJO DISTRICT, TOJO UNA-UNA DISTRICT
Study This aim For prove in a way empirical influence discipline work motivation, and compensation on teacher performance in Tojo District, Tojo Una-Una Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population in study This is Teacher SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL in Subdistrict Tojo Regency Tojo Una-Una. Technique taking sample use technique census (sample saturated), so that all members of the population are used as research samples. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire compiled on a Likert scale with a rating range of 1–5. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of the IBM SPSS program. The results of the study indicate that work discipline, work motivation, and compensation partially have a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. Furthermore, these three independent variables simultaneously significantly influence teacher performance in Tojo District, Tojo Una-Una Regency. The findings of this study indicate that improving teacher performance can be achieved through strengthening work discipline, increasing work motivation, and providing fair and appropriate compensation .
Copyright (c) 2026 Ulfa Reniyanti, I Nengah Suarmanayasa, Ni Nyoman Yulianthini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AS A MEDIATOR BETWEEN REWARD SYSTEMS AND LECTURER PERFORMANCE AT SEKOLAH TINGGI FARMASI INDONESIA
This study aims to analyze the mediating role of transformational leadership in the relationship between the reward system and lecturer performance at the Indonesian College of Pharmacy. The study used a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design . The study population was all permanent and non-permanent lecturers totaling 100 people who were selected as respondents through a saturated sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using mediation regression (path analysis) to test the direct and indirect effects between variables . The results of the hypothesis test indicate that the reward system directly has a positive and significant effect on transformational leadership and lecturer performance. Transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on performance. Likewise, transformational leadership is proven to mediate the influence of the reward system on employee performance. This study provides theoretical contributions in the development of human resource management models in higher education as well as practical implications for the management of reward policies and institutional leadership in a sustainable manner.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ali Gusliana, Muji Rahayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
NAVIGATING ALGORITHMIC AVERSION: CONSUMER TRUST AND ADOPTION OF AI-GENERATED RECOMMENDATIONS IN HIGH-INVOLVEMENT CATEGORIES
This article examines the phenomenon of algorithmic aversion and the factors influencing consumer trust and adoption of AI-generated recommendations, particularly in high-involvement categories such as finance, healthcare, and education. As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly embedded in decision-making processes, consumers are often faced with the challenge of relying on algorithmic systems for complex and high-stakes decisions. Using a narrative literature review, this study synthesizes insights from marketing, information systems, and consumer psychology to explore the dual nature of consumer responses, characterized by both algorithmic aversion and appreciation. The findings identify key themes, including the role of trust, perceived competence, transparency, and explainability in shaping acceptance of AI recommendations. The study also highlights the mechanisms underlying algorithmic aversion, such as perceived lack of empathy, sensitivity to errors, and threats to autonomy. In addition, several moderating factors are identified, including involvement level, consumer expertise, trust in technology, and cultural context. A conceptual framework is proposed to illustrate how these factors interact to influence adoption, reliance, or rejection of AI-generated recommendations. The article contributes by integrating trust theory with algorithmic decision-making and offers practical implications for designing human-centered AI systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ririn Laila Ulfah, Lukmanul Hakim, Dahrul Aman Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY, HOSPITAL FACILITIES, AND PATIENT SATISFACTION ON PATIENT LOYALTY
This study examines the influence of service quality, hospital facilities, and patient satisfaction on patient loyalty in healthcare institutions. Patient loyalty represents a strategic goal for hospitals, as it ensures sustainable retention, enhances reputation, and reduces marketing costs associated with acquiring new patients. The research employs a literature review method, analyzing previous empirical studies and theoretical frameworks related to healthcare service quality, facilities, patient satisfaction, and loyalty. Service quality is conceptualized through both technical and functional dimensions, encompassing accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, empathetic staff interactions, and responsiveness. Hospital facilities include physical infrastructure, medical equipment, room comfort, cleanliness, accessibility, and environmental factors that contribute to patients’ overall experience. Patient satisfaction serves as both an outcome of service quality and facilities and a mediating factor that translates positive perceptions into loyal behaviors. The results indicate that service quality and hospital facilities individually and jointly have a significant effect on patient satisfaction, which in turn strongly influences patient loyalty. High service quality enhances trust, confidence, and emotional attachment, while superior facilities provide tangible evidence of professionalism and care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Leony Martila, Kosasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUATION OF THE EXPECTATION–EXPERIENCE GAP AND INFORMATION TRANSPARENCY ON PATIENT SATISFACTION
Patient satisfaction is a key indicator in evaluating the quality of healthcare services, particularly in the context of patient-centered care. This study aims to analyze the impact of the expectation–experience gap and information transparency on patient satisfaction through a literature review approach. The expectation–experience gap refers to the discrepancy between patients’ prior expectations and their actual experiences during healthcare service delivery, while information transparency relates to the clarity, openness, and accessibility of information provided to patients. This study employs a qualitative literature review method by collecting and analyzing secondary data from peer-reviewed journals, books, and relevant academic sources. The selected literature focuses on healthcare service quality, patient satisfaction, and communication practices. The analysis is conducted using a thematic approach to identify patterns, relationships, and key findings related to the research variables. The results indicate that the expectation–experience gap has a direct and significant effect on patient satisfaction. A smaller gap leads to higher satisfaction, while a larger gap results in dissatisfaction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dini Indriani, Kosasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BREAKING THE CYCLE: RETHINKING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND PATHWAYS TO JUSTICE IN INDIA
This research paper examines the ongoing problem of violence against women in India by exploring its different forms and social consequences. It discusses the difficulty of clearly defining such violence and the challenges this creates for research due to the sensitive nature of the issue. The study explains how factors such as patriarchy, unequal power relations, and social norms contribute to sexual violence. Although laws and programs exist, violence often remains underreported. The study stresses the need for stronger laws and better research to address the problem effectively.
Dr. Kulatunga Mudiyanselage Rohitha Dasanayaka
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Shabir Ahmad Lone, Dr. Kulatunga Mudiyanselage Rohitha Dasanayaka, Dr. R. Abida Begum, Dr. Alemayehu Erkihun Engida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BLOCKCHAIN FOR MARKETING: MOVING BEYOND HYPE TO APPLICATIONS IN PROVENANCE, LOYALTY, AND COUNTERFEIT PREVENTION
This article examines the role of blockchain technology in marketing, moving beyond initial hype to explore its practical applications in provenance, loyalty programs, and counterfeit prevention. As blockchain matures, its core features—transparency, decentralization, and immutability—offer new opportunities to address longstanding challenges in marketing. Drawing on a narrative literature review and case-based analysis, this study identifies how blockchain enhances product traceability, enabling greater supply chain visibility and strengthening consumer trust through verifiable provenance. In loyalty programs, blockchain introduces tokenized and decentralized reward systems that increase flexibility, interoperability, and customer engagement. Additionally, blockchain-based authentication systems play a critical role in preventing counterfeiting, protecting brand equity, and ensuring consumer safety. The study also highlights key moderating factors, including technology adoption readiness, consumer awareness, and industry-specific requirements, which influence the effectiveness of blockchain applications. A conceptual framework is proposed to illustrate how blockchain-driven transparency and trust translate into improved marketing outcomes. This research contributes to bridging the gap between theoretical potential and real-world implementation, offering practical insights for marketers. Ultimately, blockchain’s value in marketing lies in its ability to deliver trust, enhance transparency, and create more secure and consumer-centric ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dian Nofrianti, Lukmanul Hakim, Tibrani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MILKFISH CULTIVATION SUPPORTS AUTOMATION OF FISH FEEDING IN THE PEN CULTURE SYSTEM
This study presents the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automated fish feeding system for milkfish cultivation using the pen culture method. The research employed a prototype methodology, integrating microcontroller-based hardware with sensors, servo motors, and RTC modules to enable precise, scheduled, and remotely monitored feeding. Initial stages included problem identification, literature review, and system requirement analysis, followed by system design connecting multiple microcontroller devices for automatic data processing and feed distribution. The developed prototype was tested both indoors and outdoors, with monitoring via laptops and mobile devices through the Blynk application. Results demonstrate that the system efficiently automates feed distribution, reduces feed waste, minimizes manual labor, and facilitates real-time monitoring, thus enhancing operational efficiency and productivity in milkfish farming. The implementation of this IoT-based solution offers a cost-effective, sustainable, and practical approach to optimize aquaculture management, improve fish growth, and support data-driven decision-making for farmers. This study contributes to advancing smart aquaculture technologies in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bahtiar Hamar, Muhammad Hibrian Wiwi, Muhammad Fazrun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STRATEGY OF TARU JURUG SURAKARTA ZATAN REGIONAL PARK IN INCREASING REGIONAL ORIGINAL REVENUE THROUGH IMPLEMENTATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Good Corporate Governance ( GCG ) principles in the Taru Jurug Zoo Regional Public Company Surakarta (Perumda TSTJ) in order to increase Regional Original Income (PAD). Perumda TSTJ is a Regionally-Owned Enterprise (BUMD) owned by the Surakarta City Government that manages the Taman Jurug tourist area. In 2023, Taman Jurug was revitalized and renamed Solo Safari. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Primary data was obtained through interviews with key informants from Perumda TSTJ determined by purposive techniques and secondary data from a number of regulatory documents, financial reports, and other official publications. The results of the study indicate that after revitalization, the implementation of GCG principles , including transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, and fairness, was carried out well and had positive implications for the company's performance and profits. The principle of transparency is evident in the revitalization process, which is carried out openly, thus increasing public trust. The principle of accountability is evident in the internal and external monitoring mechanisms implemented . The principle of responsibility is seen in how the management is responsible for the company's business sustainability by carrying out revitalization and operational cooperation with Taman Safari Indonesia. The principle of independence is evident in the company's management which is free from interference from unauthorized parties. Decisions are based solely on objective and professional business decisions. The principle of fairness ensures fair treatment for stakeholders related to Perumda TSTJ. In addition, this study found an increase in company revenue and profits as well as PAD deposits which increased 100% higher after the implementation of GCG . Supporting factors for the implementation of GCG are the strong commitment of the regional head and his regional apparatus along with supporting regulations that guide the implementation of GCG principles within the Surakarta City Government. In addition, the existence of competent human resources is also a major factor supporting GCG, such as the existence of an internal supervisory unit (SPI) and professional and competent management in zoo management, plus the use of information technology through management information systems, digital reporting systems, and internal supervisory applications that enable the monitoring process to run more efficiently and transparently to support the smooth implementation of GCG.
Copyright (c) 2026 Achmad Syukri Prihanto, Adji Suradji Muhammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT QUALITY ON CONSUMER LOYALTY THROUGH CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM)
This study analyzes the effect of product quality on customer loyalty through Customer Relationship Management (CRM) as a mediating variable at Company X in Cimahi City. A quantitative approach was employed using purposive sampling with 70 respondents. Data were collected through a questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale. The data were processed and analyzed using the SPSS plug-in Process Macro Hayes Model 4. The hypothesis testing results show that product quality has a positive effect on CRM, and product quality also has a positive effect on customer loyalty, although the effect is not significant. Meanwhile, CRM has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty and mediates the relationship between product quality and customer loyalty. These findings highlight the important role of CRM in strengthening the relationship between product quality and customer loyalty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Murti Sari Dewi, Muji Rahayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF PATIENT SAFETY CULTURE AND INCIDENT REPORTING ON THE OCCURRENCE OF PATIENT FALLS
Patient falls are one of the most common adverse events in healthcare settings and have significant impacts on patient safety and quality of care. This study aims to analyze the effect of patient safety culture and incident reporting on the occurrence of patient falls at Hospital X. The research used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of healthcare workers involved in patient care, with a sample selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that patient safety culture has a significant negative effect on patient falls, indicating that a stronger safety culture contributes to reducing fall incidents. Incident reporting also has a significant negative effect, suggesting that effective reporting systems help in identifying and preventing fall occurrences. Simultaneously, patient safety culture and incident reporting have a significant effect on patient falls, as indicated by the F-test results. The coefficient of determination (R²) shows that both variables explain 32.1% of the variation in patient falls.
Copyright (c) 2026 Penty Yuni Priyanda, Kosasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE TALENT PIPELINE: DEVELOPING AND RETAINING A FUTURE-READY MARKETING TEAM
This study examines the development of a talent pipeline for building and retaining future-ready marketing teams in an increasingly dynamic and technology-driven environment. As digital transformation, artificial intelligence, and data-driven marketing reshape the industry, organizations face growing challenges in addressing talent shortages and skill gaps. Traditional approaches to talent management are often insufficient to meet the evolving demands of modern marketing roles, particularly in areas such as analytics, digital platforms, and strategic thinking. To address these issues, this study adopts a qualitative review-based approach, synthesizing existing literature and industry insights to develop an integrative framework for marketing talent management. The findings identify key competencies required for future-ready marketing teams, including digital, analytical, creative, and strategic skills, and highlight the importance of managing talent across the stages of attraction, development, retention, and advancement. The proposed framework emphasizes the integration of recruitment, continuous learning, technology utilization, and organizational culture to create a sustainable and adaptable talent pipeline. The study concludes that a holistic and strategic approach is essential for organizations seeking to remain competitive in a rapidly evolving marketing landscape. While the study contributes to both theory and practice by offering a unified perspective, it is limited by its conceptual nature. Future research should focus on empirical validation and explore the role of emerging technologies in shaping marketing talent strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Susi, Lukmanul Hakim, Dahrul Aman Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF INVESTMENT, CONSUMPTION, AND GOVERNMENT SPENDING ON POVERTY THROUGH ECONOMIC GROWTH
This study aims to analyze the influence of consumption, investment, government spending, and poverty on economic growth during the 2014 Q1–2024 Q4 period. The study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data in the form of time series obtained from official sources. The collected data were tested using multiple linear regression, and supported by descriptive statistical tests, stationarity tests, correlation tests, and autocorrelation tests. The results show that consumption, investment, and government spending have a positive but insignificant influence on economic growth. Conversely, poverty has a negative but significant influence on economic growth. Simultaneously, all independent variables do not have a significant effect on economic growth. The relatively low coefficient of determination value indicates that there are still other factors outside the model that influence economic growth. This finding emphasizes the importance of poverty reduction in driving increased economic growth.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Aisah, Dita Rosyalita, Danil Surasa, Abdul Aziz, Syaeful Bakhri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DIGITAL GOVERNANCE EFFECTIVENESS IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
This article synthesizes evidence on the relationships among institutional capacity, organizational culture, and the effectiveness of digital governance in public organizations, its implications for the development of future empirical research in more specific contexts. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and employed an initial corpus of 2,623 bibliographic records drawn from 20 RIS files compiled from Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. After deduplication, 2,231 unique records remained. A staged screening process based on publication year, public organization context, digital governance relevance, and conceptual fit produced 134 metadata-based candidates, which were subsequently narrowed to 15 priority studies for full-text review. The synthesis indicates that institutional capacity is most operationalized through regulation, coordination, interoperability, civil servant competence, capability, and organizational adaptive capacity. Organizational culture functions as both an enabling and constraining condition, particularly through trust, digital leadership, collaboration, learning, and public values. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of digital governance is most consistently reflected in service quality, administrative efficiency, transparency, public trust, public value, and government effectiveness. Cross-study findings confirm that the effectiveness of digital governance cannot be understood as an automatic outcome of technology adoption; rather, it constitutes an organizational outcome shaped by the interaction between institutional readiness and organizational culture that supports change.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mustakim Mustakim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
NEUROETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN NEUROMARKETING: A FRAMEWORK FOR RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND APPLICATION
This article examines the neuroethical considerations associated with the growing use of neuromarketing in contemporary marketing practice. Advances in neuroscience and technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and eye-tracking have enabled marketers to gain deeper insights into consumers’ subconscious responses. While these developments offer significant opportunities for improving marketing effectiveness, they also raise important ethical concerns related to consumer autonomy, privacy, and potential manipulation. Using a narrative literature review, this study synthesizes insights from marketing, neuroscience, and ethics to identify key ethical themes, including the protection of autonomy, risks of exploitation, data privacy, and the need for transparency and accountability. The article further explores neuroethical risks in practice, such as misuse of neural data and ethical issues involving vulnerable populations. Based on these findings, a neuroethical framework is proposed, grounded in the principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. This framework provides guidance for responsible research and application in neuromarketing. The study contributes by integrating ethical theory with marketing practice and offers practical implications for organizations seeking to adopt neuromarketing responsibly. Future research should focus on empirical validation and cross-cultural applications of the framework.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khairul Putra, Lukmanul Hakim, Dahrul Aman Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FACTORS AFFECTING CABBAGE PRODUCTION IN MAGELANG REGENCY, INDONESIA
Cabbage is a strategic horticultural commodity in Indonesia with high economic value and strong development potential. However, fluctuations in cabbage productivity are often associated with suboptimal allocation of production inputs. This study aims to examine the key factors influencing cabbage production in Magelang Regency, Indonesia. The research was conducted in three districts, Dukun, Pakis, and Ngablak, using a multistage cluster sampling method involving 120 farmers. Data were analyzed using a Cobb-Douglas production function estimated through multiple linear regression. The results indicate that land area, manure, and pesticide use significantly affect cabbage production. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing input allocation and improving farmers’ management practices to enhance agricultural productivity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Widia Novita Sijabat, Edy Prasetyo, Komalawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT FOR TEACHERS, ESPECIALLY HISTORY TEACHERS
Education is a process of transmitting knowledge and skills while simultaneously fostering human character and personal development. It plays a crucial role in cultivating critical thinking skills among learners. In this context, teachers particularly history teachers serve as key agents in shaping future generations through the transmission of nationalism, the values of national struggle, and collective historical memory. Therefore, the professional development of teachers is essential to ensure engaging and effective learning experiences that achieve educational objectives. In teacher professional development, managerial leadership plays an important role in organizing and supporting teachers, especially those teaching history. In Minahasa Regency, the limited availability of qualified history teachers has resulted in history subjects often being taught by teachers from non-history academic backgrounds. This condition highlights the importance of managerial intervention in addressing challenges in the field. The purpose of this study is to analyze the management of professional development for history teachers in Minahasa Regency. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method through interviews with history teachers, including the core administrators of the History Teachers’ Subject Forum (MGMP Sejarah) in Minahasa Regency. The findings reveal that the role of management is highly fundamental in supporting teacher professional development through systematic data collection, regular supervision, and the active involvement of school principals in fostering collaboration among history teachers in Minahasa. Such collaboration contributes to making history learning more appealing to students while also encouraging critical thinking regarding historical events that embody the values of patriotism, nationalism, and national identity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nedia Lestari Sihombing, Miftahuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FIELD EXPERIMENTS IN MARKETING: A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR ADDRESSING EXTERNAL VALIDITY AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN COLLABORATION WITH FIRMS
This study examines the key challenges and emerging best practices in field experiments, with a particular focus on external validity, ethical concerns, and collaboration with firms. The findings reveal that external validity remains a major limitation, as many studies are context-dependent and confined to single firms or markets, reducing generalizability. Ethical issues, including lack of informed consent and heightened privacy risks in digital environments, emerge as the most critical concern, highlighting the need for stronger ethical frameworks and greater transparency. Collaboration with firms offers valuable opportunities but is often constrained by organizational resistance, data access limitations, and misaligned objectives. The analysis also identifies a gap between the severity of these challenges and the current level of best practice adoption. However, emerging approaches such as multi-site experimentation, transparent ethical protocols, and structured collaboration agreements show promise in addressing these issues. In addition, insights from measurement invariance research emphasize the importance of methodological rigor and improved reporting standards. Overall, the study proposes an integrated framework that balances methodological rigor, ethical responsibility, and practical feasibility. These findings provide actionable guidelines for researchers and practitioners to conduct more reliable, ethical, and impactful field experiments in marketing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yeni Idayusi, Lukmanul Hakim, Dahrul Aman Harahap3 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INFLUENCER MARKETING AUTHENTICITY: A MULTI-METHOD STUDY ON FOLLOWER DISCERNMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON PERSUASION KNOWLEDGE
This study examines the role of authenticity in influencer marketing and investigates how follower discernment shapes persuasion knowledge and consumer responses. As influencer marketing continues to expand across digital platforms, authenticity has become a critical determinant of trust, engagement, and effectiveness. Drawing on a multi-method research design that integrates surveys, experiments, and content analysis, this study explores how followers identify cues of authenticity and sponsorship in influencer content. The findings reveal that detection cues such as language, tone, and visual consistency play a key role in shaping authenticity perceptions, while individual factors such as experience and media literacy influence the ability to discern persuasive intent. The study further demonstrates that perceived authenticity and persuasion knowledge act as central mediators, determining whether consumers respond with trust or skepticism. The activation of persuasion knowledge often leads to increased critical evaluation and resistance, particularly when content is perceived as overly commercial. However, authenticity and transparent disclosure can mitigate these effects and sustain engagement. The study contributes to theory by extending the Persuasion Knowledge Model to influencer contexts and offers practical insights for designing authentic and effective influencer strategies. Future research should explore cross-platform and cultural variations in authenticity perception.
Copyright (c) 2026 Samapto, Lukmanul Hakim, Tibrani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPACT OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ON EDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REGIONAL EXPENDITURE AND STUDENTS' ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS
This study analyzes the impact of fiscal decentralization on educational performance at the Senior High School (SMA) and Vocational High School (SMK) levels in Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan Province. Using the framework of human capital theory, this study evaluates the extent to which regional spending allocations are converted into student academic outcomes, as measured by indicators of literacy, numeracy, and graduate absorption. Using a qualitative method with a case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with stakeholders at the provincial and educational unit levels, as well as documentation from regional financial reports (APBD) and the 2023-2024 Indonesian Education Report. The results show that although East Kalimantan consistently meets the mandated 20% education budget, the effectiveness of this spending is hampered by administrative complexity following the transfer of authority for managing secondary education from the city government to the provincial government. Multilevel analysis reveals a disconnect between high regional fiscal capacity and resource distribution at the school level, where managerial factors and school autonomy are more dominant determinants in influencing academic competency scores than simply nominal budget volume. This study concludes that strengthening fiscal accountability and policy synchronization between levels of government are essential to optimize education investment in the regions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Herlina, Tri Wahyuni, Hanif Saifullah, Widyatmike Gede Mulawarman, Mukhamad Nurhadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FROM DATA TO DECISIONS: A MODERN MARKETING MANAGER'S GUIDE
This article explores how modern marketing managers can effectively transform data into actionable decisions in an increasingly complex and data-rich environment. The rapid expansion of digital technologies has led to an explosion of data from multiple sources, creating both opportunities and challenges for organizations. While data offers valuable insights into customer behavior, market trends, and performance, many organizations struggle to convert this information into meaningful strategic actions. Using a narrative literature review, this study synthesizes insights from academic and industry sources to identify key themes in data-driven marketing, including data as a strategic asset, analytical capabilities, integration of data and intuition, and real-time decision-making. Based on these findings, the article proposes a “From Data to Decisions” framework consisting of four stages: data collection, data analysis, insight generation, and decision implementation. The study also highlights the critical role of technology, including analytics platforms, artificial intelligence, and automation, as well as the importance of managerial capabilities such as data literacy and cross-functional collaboration. The article contributes by bridging theory and practice and offers practical guidance for marketing managers navigating data-driven decision-making. However, further empirical research is needed to validate the proposed framework.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alpizar, Lukmanul Hakim, Dahrul Aman Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
B2B MARKETING IN SUPPLY CHAIN DISRUPTION: BUILDING ADAPTIVE CAPABILITY THROUGH RELATIONAL GOVERNANCE AND DIGITAL INTEGRATION
Supply chain disruptions have become increasingly frequent and complex, posing significant challenges for firms operating in B2B markets. Events such as pandemics, geopolitical conflicts, and environmental crises have exposed the limitations of traditional supply chain models, highlighting the need for greater adaptability and resilience. This study examines how relational governance and digital integration contribute to building adaptive capability in B2B marketing. Using a narrative literature review and conceptual framework development, the research synthesizes insights from academic literature, industry reports, and case studies related to supply chain disruption, relationship management, and digital transformation. The findings indicate that relational governance enhances trust, collaboration, and coordination among partners, reducing uncertainty and opportunistic behavior during disruptions. Digital integration, on the other hand, improves visibility, information sharing, and real-time decision-making, enabling faster and more effective responses. The interaction between these elements creates a synergistic effect that strengthens adaptive capability. The study also highlights the importance of flexibility and response speed as key dimensions of adaptability. A conceptual framework is proposed to explain how governance and digital integration jointly influence performance outcomes. The study concludes that integrating relational and technological capabilities is essential for achieving resilience and sustaining competitive advantage in dynamic B2B environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ismarini, Lukmanul Hakim, Tibrani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP STYLE, WORK ENVIRONMENT AND WORK DISCIPLINE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF VILLAGE OFFICIALS IN THE DISTRICT GANTARANG KEKE BANTAENG REGENCY
This study aims to empirically demonstrate the influence of leadership style, work environment, and work discipline on the performance of village officials in Gantarang Keke District, Bantaeng Regency. The population in this study was all 52 village officials in Gantarang Keke District, Bantaeng Regency. Sampling using saturated sampling techniques so that the entire population is used as a sample study. Collection data use questionnaire with scale Likert scale 1–5. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis with the help of the IBM SPSS application. The results of the study showed that partially the leadership style and discipline work has a positive influence and significantly on the performance of village officials, while the work environment has a negative and significant effect on the performance of village officials. Simultaneously, these three independent variables have a significant effect on the performance of village officials in Gantarang Keke District, Bantaeng Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Husnul Ilma Amalia, I Nengah Suarmanayasa, Ni Made Suci https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE REPLICATION CRISIS IN MARKETING: A FIELD-SPECIFIC DIAGNOSIS AND PRESCRIPTIONS FOR IMPROVING METHODOLOGICAL RIGOR
This study examines the replication crisis in marketing by providing a field-specific diagnosis and proposing methodological improvements to enhance research rigor. The replication crisis, characterized by the inability to reproduce empirical findings, has raised concerns about the credibility and reliability of marketing research. This article identifies key contributing factors, including questionable research practices such as p-hacking and selective reporting, lack of transparency in data and methods, publication bias favoring statistically significant results, and institutional pressures driven by the “publish or perish” culture. Using a qualitative literature review approach, this study synthesizes insights from prior research to explore the structural and methodological roots of the problem. The findings reveal that the replication crisis in marketing is not caused by a single factor but by an interconnected system of methodological weaknesses and institutional incentives. These issues undermine both the theoretical development of marketing and its practical applications in business decision-making. To address these challenges, the study proposes several key recommendations, including the adoption of open science practices, increased support for replication studies, improvements in research design and statistical analysis, and enhanced education on research ethics and methodology. By implementing these strategies, the marketing discipline can strengthen its scientific foundation, improve the reproducibility of findings, and restore trust in academic research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indra Hidayat, Lukmanul Hakim, Dahrul Aman Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF CUSTOMER JOURNEY EMOTIONS: A CONTINUOUS-TIME MODELING APPROACH
This article examines the temporal dynamics of customer journey emotions and proposes a continuous-time modeling approach to better understand how emotions evolve throughout the customer experience. Traditional customer journey models often rely on static, stage-based representations that fail to capture the continuous and interconnected nature of emotional responses. Drawing on a narrative literature review across marketing, psychology, and data science, this study highlights the importance of viewing emotions as dynamic trajectories shaped by ongoing interactions. Key findings emphasize the role of emotional peaks, troughs, critical moments, and lag effects in influencing overall customer perceptions and behavioral outcomes. The study introduces a continuous-time modeling framework that integrates customer interactions as inputs, emotional state changes as processes, contextual and psychological factors as mediators, and outcomes such as satisfaction and loyalty. Additionally, moderating factors including customer characteristics, interaction channels, timing, and external context are identified as crucial in shaping emotional dynamics. The article contributes theoretically by integrating temporal perspectives with customer experience research and offers practical insights for real-time monitoring and adaptive experience design. Future research should focus on empirical validation and the application of advanced analytics to capture real-time emotional changes in customer journeys.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tara Hasbelita, Lukmanul Hakim, Dahrul Aman Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ADDED VALUE ANALYSIS OF LUGU'S ORGANIC PREMIUM TEA AGROINDUSTRY IN GUNUNG TALANG DISTRICT, SOLOK REGENCY
In Indonesia, the tea processing agroindustry is dominated by large plantation companies. This research is motivated by farmers who are members of a cooperative that processes tea on a small scale and has successfully exported its products abroad. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the added value of the tea products produced in order to compete effectively with other companies. The analysis was carried out quantitatively using the Hayami method. Observations were conducted on the processing of tea leaves into dried tea products (black, green, and white tea). The results indicate that all three tea variants generate positive value-added. Black tea, green tea, and white tea yield value-added of Rp 23,080, Rp 41,201, and Rp 142,395 per kilogram, respectively. Notably, white tea demonstrates the highest value-added, with a profit of Rp 115,216/kg, while black tea and green tea generate profits of Rp 22,980/kg and Rp 41,075/kg, respectively. These findings are expected to provide valuable insights for tea farmers and agroindustry stakeholders in optimizing tea plantation management, improving operational efficiency, and maximizing profitability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aerini Dewanti, Dwi Evaliza, Rika Hariance https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF DIGITAL MARKETING ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION THROUGH BRAND TRUST AND CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT: A SEM-PLS ANALYSIS OF FOOD-RELATED SMES IN PONTIANAK
Digital marketing transformation has changed how culinary MSMEs build relationships with consumers. This study aims to examine the effect of digital marketing on consumers’ purchase intention through brand trust and customer engagement in culinary MSMEs in Pontianak City. The study employed a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design. A total of 285 respondents were selected using purposive sampling, consisting of consumers who had been exposed to digital promotions of culinary MSMEs and had made a purchase within the last six months. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS and a bootstrapping procedure of 5,000 subsamples. The results indicate that digital marketing has a positive and significant effect on brand trust, customer engagement, and purchase intention. Brand trust and customer engagement also have positive and significant effects on purchase intention. In addition, both variables significantly mediate the relationship between digital marketing and purchase intention, indicating a strong partial mediation pattern. These findings imply that the effectiveness of digital marketing in culinary MSMEs is determined not merely by promotional intensity, but more importantly by its ability to build brand trust and stimulate customer engagement. Practically, culinary MSME owners in Pontianak City need to develop digital strategies that are more interactive, informative, credible, and relationship-oriented in order to strengthen consumers’ purchase intention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Magdalena Depriyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BRAND ACTIVISM IN POLARIZED SOCIETIES: A STAKEHOLDER THEORY PERSPECTIVE ON RISKS, COMMUNICATION, AND LONG-TERM EQUITY
Brand activism has emerged as a prominent strategy in contemporary marketing as organizations increasingly engage with social, political, and environmental issues. In highly polarized societies, however, such actions present both opportunities and risks, creating uncertainty regarding stakeholder responses and long-term brand outcomes. This study examines brand activism through a stakeholder theory perspective, focusing on risks, communication strategies, and implications for long-term brand equity. Using a narrative literature review and conceptual analysis, the study synthesizes insights from academic research, case studies, and industry reports related to stakeholder dynamics, societal polarization, and brand communication. The findings reveal that stakeholder responses are highly fragmented, with supportive groups enhancing loyalty and opposing groups generating backlash and reputational risk. Effective communication—characterized by authenticity, clarity, and responsiveness—emerges as a critical factor in mitigating risks and shaping perceptions. The study also highlights the trade-off between short-term negative reactions and potential long-term gains in trust, loyalty, and brand equity. A conceptual framework is proposed to explain how brand activism influences outcomes through mediating and moderating factors. The study concludes that successful brand activism requires strategic alignment, stakeholder awareness, and proactive communication to navigate polarized environments and sustain long-term value.
Copyright (c) 2026 Raja Risnanda Putra, Lukmanul Hakim, Tibrani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS AND SCHOOL ACADEMIC CULTURE ON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS' PERFORMANCE IN TUMINTING DISTRICT, MANADO CITY
Teacher performance is factor key in increase quality education basic . Efforts to improve teacher performance is not can separated from teacher professionalism , which is reflected in teacher certification and supported by culture academic conducive school . Research​ This aim For analyze the influence of professional and cultural teachers academic school , good in a way partial and simultaneously , against school teacher performance base in the District Tuminting , Manado City. Research This use approach quantitative with type study causal comparative . The method used is survey . Population study consists of from all school teachers base in the District Tuminting , with amount sample as many as 50 respondents . Data collection techniques use questionnaire based​​​ Likert scale compiled in a way systematic in accordance indicator variables research , as well as has through validity and reliability tests . Data analysis was carried out use multiple linear regression , which is preceded by with prerequisite tests analysis includes normality , linearity , and multicollinearity tests . The results of the analysis show that teacher certification has influence positive and significant to teacher performance , with t value of 2.863, level significance of 0.006 (p < 0.05), and the coefficient regression of 0.324. Culture academic schools also have an influence positive and significant to teacher performance , with t value of 6.188, level significance of 0.000 (p < 0.05), and the coefficient regression of 0.856. In general simultaneous , teacher certification and culture academic school influential significant to teacher performance , which is indicated by an F value of 40.160 with level significance of 0.000 (p < 0.05). Based on standardized beta coefficient , culture academic school is the most dominant variable influence teacher performance .
Copyright (c) 2026 Selfia Montori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0