THE ROLE OF BAWASLU IN MONITORING CHILDREN'S INVOLVEMENT DURING THE 2019 SAMARINDA  CITY ELECTION CAMPAIGN

Dini Astarina; Lilik Andaryuni; Suwardi Sagama

doi:10.54443/ijset.v3i5.433

THE ROLE OF BAWASLU IN MONITORING CHILDREN'S INVOLVEMENT DURING THE 2019 SAMARINDA CITY ELECTION CAMPAIGN

Dini Astarina

Lilik Andaryuni

Suwardi Sagama

Due to the researcher's interest and concern for child protection in the political realm, especially the involvement of children in election campaigns, the researcher wants to know how legal protection is for children during the campaign period during the simultaneous elections held in 2019, because the researcher considers this matter very urgent to be discussed by the public There is also a lack of socialization from election management institutions including Bawaslu as a supervisory institution regarding children who should be protected before the democratic party which is held every 5 years per term of office. The research method used in this research is an empirical normative research method because it uses in-depth study, requires a legal or normative approach as well as experience or observations in the field, looking at the role of related institutions and their impact on society, especially on children. Apart from that, in this research the author uses descriptive qualitative data analysis with a discourse analysis approach, this analysis technique is used by the author to analyze people's interactions, discourse analysis focuses more on the social context where communication occurs between respondents and researchers, then describes the data obtained in the form of explanations and sentence descriptions. The results obtained from this research can be concluded that Bawaslu or the Samarinda City Election Supervisory Agency as a supervisory institution and as one of the election organizers has an important role in supervising children's involvement because Bawaslu is the one who is in direct contact with the various stages of the election monitoring process, including the ongoing campaign. There are various obstacles faced by Bawaslu so that in exercising its authority it is not optimal, the steps that Bawaslu must take in supervising children's involvement are to strengthen synergy with the community and the Gakkumdu Center or Integrated Law Enforcement Center and implement child-friendly campaigns. The involvement of children in the campaign, especially in the 2019 Simultaneous Elections, is an act that violates the law as regulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 23 of 2002 which was amended to become Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, which was then also regulated in the Republic of Indonesia Law. Indonesia No. 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, further supervision of campaigns is regulated in Bawaslu Regulation No. 28 of 2018 concerning Supervision of General Election Campaign Stages, because this research was conducted in Samarinda City, Samarinda City Regional Regulation No. 10 of 2013 is also included in it.

Keywords: Bawaslu, Child Involvement, Campaign

Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945 hasil Amandemen ke-4.

Undang Undang RI No 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak atas Perubahan Undang Undang No 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak.

Undang Undang RI No 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum.

Peraturan Daerah Kota Samarinda Nomor 10 Tahun 2013 tentang Perlindungan Anak.

Peraturan Bawaslu No 28 Tahun 2018 Tentang Pengawan Kampanye Pemilihan Umum.

Buku

Abdullah, Rozali. Mewujudkan Pemilu yang lebih berkualitas (Pemilu Legislatif). Jakarta : PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2009.

Jurdi, Fajlurrahman. Pengantar Hukum Pemilihan Umum. Jakarta : Kencana, 2018.

Asshiddiqie, Jimly. Pengantar Hukum Tata Negara. Jakarta : Rajawali Pers, 2014.

Kansil, C.S.T. Pengantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata Hukum Indonesia, Jakarta : Balai Pustaka, 1989.

Marzuki, Peter, Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana, 2006.

Muhammad, Abdulkadir. Hukum Dan Penelitian Hukum. Bandung: PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, 2004.

Nasution. Metodologi Research (penelitian ilmiah). Bandung: Jemmars, 1991.

Poerwadarminta, W.J.S. Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia, Cet. IX, Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1986.

Prinst, Darwan. Hukum Anak Indonesia. Bandung : PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, 2003

Raharjo, Satjipto. Ilmu Hukum. Bandung : PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, 2000.

Saebani, Beni, Ahmad. Metode Penelitian, Bandung: CV Pustaka Setia, 2008.

Sambas, Nanadang. Pembaruan Sistem Pemidanaan Anak di Indonesia, Yogyakarta : Graha Ilmu. 2013.

Sambas, Nanadang. Peradilan Pidana dan Instrumen Internasional Perlindungan anak serta Penerapannya. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2013.

Sasongko,Wahyu. Ketentuan-ketentuan Pokok Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen. Bandar Lampung : Universitas Lampung, 2007

Setiono. Supremasi Hukum.Surakarta: UNS, 2004.

Soekanto, Soerjono. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Penegakan Hukum, Jakarta : Rajawali pers. 2008.

Subagyo, P. Joko. Metode Penelitian Dalam Teori dan Praktek. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Citra, 2004.

Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, R&D, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2011.

Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2013.

Suharsimi. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta, 2016.

Tanzeh, Ahmad Pengantar Metode Penelitian, Yogyakarta : Teras, 2009.

Zuriah, Nurul. Metodologi Penelitian Sosial dan Pendidikan. Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara, 2014.

Jurnal

“Laporan Komprehensif Hasil Pengawasan Pemilu Serentak Tahun 2019” Bawaslu Kota Samarinda.

Amin, Misbahul. “Tanggung Jawab Pelaku yang Mengikutsertakan Anak Dalam Kegiatan Kampaye Politik”. Jurnal Jurist-Diction, Vol. 2 No.3, 2019.

Garner, Bryan. Black’s Law Dictionary, ninth edition, St. paul, West, 2009.

Gosita, Arief. “Masalah Korban kejahatan. Akademindo”, Jakarta: Pressindo, 1993.

Muchsin, “Perlindungan dan Kepastian Hukum bagi Investor di Indonesia”. Surakarta : Disertasi S2 Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2003.

Nawawi, Arief, Barda. “Masalah Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak”, Makalah disampaikan pada Seminar Nasinal. Peradilan Anak. Fakultas hukum Bandung : UNPAD, 1996.

OECD Council, Council Recommendation on The Protection of Children Online 2012.

Porta. R. LA “ Investor Protection and Corporate governance” Jurnal Of financial Economics”, 2000.

UNICEF, Convention on Rights of the Child 1989.

Yusuf. “Meyakinkan Validitas Data Melalui Tringulasi”, Surabaya: Staff. Ub, 2012.

Artikel

Bawaslu Kota Samarinda, “Sejarah Singkat Bawaslu”, http://samarinda.bawaslu.go.id/, diakses pada tanggal 23 Juni 2021.

Elvi Susanti. “Peran Bawaslu Pada Pelaksanaan Pemilihan Legislatif Berdasarkan Undang -Undang Pemilu Tahun 2017”. Vol 7, https://doi.org/10.1234/jh.v712% Oktober.645, hlm 87 diakses 25 Juni 2021.

Hetty Hasanah, “Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Perjanjian Pembiayaan Konsumenatas Kendaraan Bermotor dengan Fidusia”, artikel dari http://jurnal.unikom.ac.id/vol3/perlindungan. html.

Nyoman Nata Suryawan, Perkembangan Partai Politik, http://purwakaning.com/2013/01/perkembangan-politik-di-indonesia. html.

. html.

Absah, Y., Sadalia, I., Yuliaty, T., & Ilham, R. N. (2023). Msmes In Medan City During the New Normal. Quality - Access to Success, 24(193), 322–327. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/24.193.36

Adam, M., Ibrahim, M., Ikramuddin, & Syahputra, H. (2020). The role of digital marketing platforms on supply chain management for customer satisfaction and loyalty in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) at Indonesia. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 9(3), 1210–1220.

Arifin, A. H., Raza, H., Saputra, J., Puteh, A., & Sofyan. (2020). The mediating role of organizational commitment: A supply chain management for examining the effect of quality of work life and job satisfaction on employee performance. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 9(4), 255–256.

Arifin, A. H., Saputra, J., Puteh, A., & Qamarius, I. (2019). The role of organizational culture in the relationship of personality and organization commitment on employee performance. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 9(3), 105–129.

Cen, C. C., Cahyadi, W., Cahyadi, L., Candrasa, L., Sinurat, M., Ilham, R. N., & Saputra, J. (2021). Factors that affect competence and affective commitment and its implication on job performance: a case study of Stie Medan, Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 12, 4863–4870. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210842

Ezraneti, R., Khalil, M., & Marzuki, M. (2020). Study of Water Quality for Aquaculture System in Ujung Pacu River, North Aceh Regency. Omni-Akuatika, 16(3), 119. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2020.16.3.849

Fithra, H., Olivia, S., & Siska, D. (2019). Analysis Reducing Slum Settlement by Road Improvement (A Case Study: Jawa Lama Village Village, Lhokseumawe, Aceh-Indonesia). Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology, 8(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.13170/aijst.8.1.12370

Fuadi, Hasibuan, A. F. H., Ilham, R. N., Falahuddin, Wahyuddin, Khaddafi, M., Munandar, & Saputra, J. (2021). Investigating the effect of micro Waqf bank sector expansion on poverty alleviation: An evidence from Indonesia rural communities. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 4150–4158. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210745

Hafni, N., Aiyub, A., Mardhiah, A., Muryali, M., & Fauzi, F. (2022). Actor Interventions in Influencing Education Policy Formulation: A Case Study on Integrated Curriculum Formulation. Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 11(02), 337–354. https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v11i02.2413

Hardono, J. (2015). The Financial Performance of Aqad Shirkah: A case study of financial and non-financial institutions. Jurnal Teknik, 4(2), 50–57.

Hasibuan, A., Daud, M., Sayuti, M., Hidayatullah, F., Siregar, W. V., & Fachroji, R. (2022). Utilization of Small Wind Turbines as Source Alternative Electrical Energy for Lighting in the Banyak Island Tourism Area, Aceh Singkil, Indonesia. Proceeding - ELTICOM 2022: 6th International Conference on Electrical, Telecommunication and Computer Engineering 2022, 44–47. https://doi.org/10.1109/ELTICOM57747.2022.10037795

Hasibuan, A., Mursalin, Daud, M., Kurniawan, R., Siregar, W. V., & Safna, P. A. (2022). Comparison Analysis of Electricity Use by State Electricity Company with Renewable Energy Sources in Household Type 54. Proceeding - ELTICOM 2022: 6th International Conference on Electrical, Telecommunication and Computer Engineering 2022, February 2023, 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1109/ELTICOM57747.2022.10037828

Hasibuan, A., Siregar, W. V., Isa, M., Warman, E., Finata, R., & Mursalin, M. (2022). The Use of Regression Method on Simple E for Estimating Electrical Energy Consumption. HighTech and Innovation Journal, 3(3), 306–318. https://doi.org/10.28991/HIJ-SP2022-03-06

Heikal, M., Asbar, Y., Khaddafi, M., Saputra, J., & Ikhsan, A. (2019). Modelling of the zakat payment behaviour in aceh, Indonesia. Opcion, 35(Special Issue 22), 1321–1335.

Heikal, M., Ilham, R. N., Khaddafi, M., & Fuadi. (2022). Accelerate Economic Growth of Lhokseumawe City with Application of Supply Chain and Main Strategic Commodity Model Based on Sharia During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Quality - Access to Success, 23(191), 137–142. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/23.191.16

Husaini, Saiful, Saputra, J., & Albra, W. (2019). A study of supply chain manangement of board composition, enterprise risk management, and performance of non and Islamic companies in Indonesia. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(5), 349–357.

Idris, A., Saputra, J., & Albra, W. (2019). An exploring the factors structure of human resource of supply chain management based entrepreneurship in Aceh, Indonesia. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(5), 1060–1065.

Ilham, R. N., Erlina, Fachrudin, K. A., Silalahi, A. S., & Saputra, J. (2019). Comparative of the supply chain and block chains to increase the country revenues via virtual tax transactions and replacing future of money. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(5), 1066–1069.

Ilham, R. N., Erlina, Fachrudin, K. A., Silalahi, A. S., Saputra, J., & Albra, W. (2019). Investigation of the bitcoin effects on the country revenues via virtual tax transactions for purchasing management. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(6), 737–740.

Iswadi, Yunina, Saputra, J., Haykal, M., & Albra, W. (2019). The investment behavior through supply chain strategy of acehness entrepreneurs, Indonesia. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(5), 948–957.

Mahdawi, Ratnawati, N., Saputra, J., Ilham, R. N., Siahaan, R., Jayanti, S. E., Sinurat, M., & Nainggolan, P. (2021). The effect of population growth on economic growth: An evidence from Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, July, 141–148. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210843

Mahdawi, Triyono, Sinaga, S., Collyn, D., Zalukhu, R. S., Saputra, J., Ilham, R. N., & Harianto, S. (2021). Analyzing the banks’ performance through financial statements: An application of the modified du pont method. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 5593–5600. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210947

Mariyudi, M. (2019). Success factors of SMEs: the case of Indonesia. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 19(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbir.2019.10014223

Matriadi, F., Salim, S. R. A., Dalimunthe, R. F., & Gultom, P. (2019). The influences of compensation and supply chain managemnet towards educatioan system: The mediating role of job motivation. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(3), 183–191.

Milanie, F., Munandar, Saputra, J., Satria, I., Khaddafi, M., Iba, Z., & Muhammad, Z. (2019). The role of organizational justice in determining work satisfaction and commitment among civil servants in Aceh, Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 9(3), 181–192.

Munandar, M., Bachri, N., Chalirafi, C., & Fuadi, F. (2022). What Determines E-Loyalty and E-Trust of Indonesian Muslim Lecturers Using Video Conference? Share: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Islam, 11(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.22373/share.v11i1.10566

Musnadi, S., Syamni, G., Nasir, Faisal, & Saputra, J. (2020). Investigating the cash holding factors of mining industries in Indonesia stock exchange. Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, 19(3), 527–537. https://doi.org/10.7232/iems.2020.19.3.527

Musnadi, S., Syamni, G., Saputra, J., Irfan, & Prasetyo, M. (2019). Factors influencing the capital structure of Sharia construction and building companies. Opcion, 35(89), 436–454.

Nawaz, H., Abrar, M., Salman, A., & Bukhari, S. M. H. (2019). Beyond finance: Impact of Islamic finance on economic growth in Pakistan. Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, 11(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.20885/ejem.vol11.iss1.art2

Rachit Patel(&) and Khushboo Arora, S. K. (2016). Metadata of the chapter that will be visualized in Online. Springer Nature Singapor, August, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60926-9

Sadalia, I., Fadli, Ilham, R. N., Sinurat, M., Saputra, J., & Putri, D. E. (2021). Does social media affect banking industry financial performance in Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 3454–3459. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210620

Sadalia, I., Muharam, H., Mulyana, A., Saputra, J., & Ilham, R. N. (2020). A structural relationship of entrepreneurial orientation and innovation through supply chain management on competitive advantage of SMEs in North Sumatera, Indonesia: The mediating role of financing factor. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 9(4), 237–243.

Saifuddin, Meliala, S., Albra, R. W., & Ikramuddin. (2019). Solar cell position control building design using microcontrollerf optimizing power sunway in the coffee drying application. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 7(6), 1490–1496.

Sari, D. W., Restikasari, W., Ajija, S. R., Islamia, H. A. T., & Muchtar, D. (2021). The impacts of foreign direct investment and export expansion on the performance of the high-tech manufacturing industry. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 55(2), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.17576/JEM-2021-5502-8

Siregar, W. V., Hasibuan, A., Khairawati, Setiawan, D., & Widarjo, W. (2021). Households carbon emissions in aceh, indonesia: Regulator perspective. Quality - Access to Success, 22(184), 111–114. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/22.184.14

Siska, D., Fithra, H., Lisa, N. P., Haerudin, N., & Farid, M. (2020). Seismic vulnerability mapping to support spatial plans in Lhokseumawe city area. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 1, 269–273. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.10.1.10276

Sukono, Albra, W., Zulham, T., Iskandarsyah, Saputra, J., Subartini, B., & Thalia, F. (2019). The effect of gross domestic product and population growth on CO2 emissions in Indonesia: An application of the ant colony optimisation algorithm and cobb-douglas model. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(4), 313–319. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8011

Syamni, G., Azis, N., Musnadi, S., & Faisal, F. (2021). The Momentum Strategy of Small Foreign Investors in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 361–372. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no3.0361

Syamni, G., Wardhiah, W., Abd Majid, M. S., Faisal, F., & Musnadi, S. (2021). Do Domestic Investors with the Smallest Trading Orders Use Momentum Strategiesin The IDX? International Research Journal of Business Studies, 14(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.14.1.35-47

Syamni, G., Wardhiah, Zulkifli, Siregar, M. J. A., & Sitepu, Y. A. (2021). The relationship between renewable energy and sustainable development in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 922(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/922/1/012034

Yunus, M., Yusuf Iis, E., Adam, M., & Sofyan, H. (2020). Does motivation mediate the effects of employee staff empowerment, talent, working environment, and career development on staff performance? Quality - Access to Success, 21(175), 91–96.

Yunus, S., Mariyudi, M., & Abubakar, M. Bin. (2023). Strategies for optimizing learning activities during the pandemic and new normal. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2175491

Yusuf, Z., Wardhiah, Syamni, G., Siregar, M. J. A., & Sitepu, Y. A. (2021). The effect of CO2emissions in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 922(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/922/1/012026

Nur Ilham, R. ., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R., Multazam, M. ., & Saifanur, A. . (2021). RELATHIONSIP BETWEEN MONEY VELOCITY AND INFLATION TO INCREASING STOCK INVESTMENT RETURN: EFFECTIVE STRATEGIC BY JAKARTA AUTOMATED TRADING SYSTEM NEXT GENERATION (JATS-NG) PLATFORM. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 1(1), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v1i1.27

Yusuf Iis, E., Wahyuddin, W., Thoyib, A., Nur Ilham, R., & Sinta, I. (2022). THE EFFECT OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH WORK MOTIVATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLE AT THE OFFICE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK IN ACEH. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(2), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i2.191

Geovani, I. ., Nurkhotijah, S. ., Kurniawan, H. ., Milanie, F., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF VICTIMS OF THE ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE TO REALIZE LEGAL PROTECTION FROM HUMAN RIGHTS ASPECTS: RESEARCH STUDY AT THE OFFICE OF SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN BATAM CITY. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 1(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v1i1.10

Bustani, B., Khaddafi, M. ., & Nur Ilham, R. (2022). REGIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF REGENCY/CITY REGIONAL ORIGINAL INCOME IN ACEH PROVINCE PERIOD YEAR 2016-2020. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(3), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v2i3.277

Nur Ilham, R., Heikal, M. ., Khaddafi, M. ., F, F., Ichsan, I., F, F., Abbas, D. ., Fauzul Hakim Hasibuan, A. ., Munandar, M., & Chalirafi, C. (2021). Survey of Leading Commodities Of Aceh Province As Academic Effort To Join And Build The Country. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 1(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v1i1.19

Nur ilham, R., Likdanawati, L., Hamdiah, H., Adnan, A., & Sinta, I. . (2022). COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES “SOCIALIZATION AVOID STUDY INVESTMENT” TO THE STUDENT BOND OF SERDANG BEDAGAI. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 61–64. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.312

Falahuddin, F., Fuadi, . F., Munandar, M., Juanda, R. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2022). INCREASING BUSINESS SUPPORTING CAPACITY IN MSMES BUSINESS GROUP TEMPE BUNGONG NANGGROE KERUPUK IN SYAMTALIRA ARON DISTRICT, UTARA ACEH REGENCY. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 65–68. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.313

Majied Sumatrani Saragih, M. ., Hikmah Saragih, U. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTIVATION AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION TO ICREASING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IMPLEMENTATION FROM SPP AL-FALAH GROUP AT BLOK 10 VILLAGE DOLOK MASIHUL. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.11

Sandi, H. ., Afni Yunita, N. ., Heikal, M. ., Nur Ilham, R. ., & Sinta, I. . (2021). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUDGET PARTICIPATION, JOB CHARACTERISTICS, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND WORK MOTIVATION AS MEDIATOR VARIABLES TO STRENGTHENING USER POWER PERFORMANCE: AN EMPERICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA GOVERNMENT. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.14

Sinurat, M. ., Heikal, M. ., Simanjuntak, A. ., Siahaan, R. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). PRODUCT QUALITY ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTEREST WITH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS A VARIABLE INTERVENING IN BLACK ONLINE STORE HIGH CLICK MARKET: Case Study on Customers of the Tebing Tinggi Black Market Online Store. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.12

Ilham, Rico Nur. et all (2019). Investigation of the Bitcoin Effects on the Country Revenues via Virtual Tax Transactions for Purchasing Management. International Journal of Suplly Management.Volume 8 No.6 December 2019.

Ilham, Rico Nur. et all (2019).. Comparative of the Supply Chain and Block Chains to Increase the Country Revenues via Virtual Tax Transactions and Replacing Future of Money. International Journal of Suplly Management.Volume 8 No.5 August 2019.

Lasta Irawan, A. ., Briggs, D. ., Muhammad Azami, T. ., & Nurfaliza, N. (2021). THE EFFECT OF POSITION PROMOTION ON EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION WITH COMPENSATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLES: (Case Study on Harvesting Employees of PT. Karya Hevea Indonesia). International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i1.2

Rahmaniar, R., Subhan, S., Saharuddin, S., Nur Ilham, R. ., & Anwar, K. . (2022). THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ASPECTS ON THE SUCCESS OF THE CHIPS INDUSTRY IN MATANG GLUMPANG DUA AND PANTON PUMP. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(7), 337–348. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i7.36

likdanawati, likdanawati, Yanita, Y., Hamdiah, H., Nur Ilham, R., & Sinta, I. (2022). EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, WORK MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF PT. ACEH DISTRIBUS INDO RAYA. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(8), 377–382. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i8.41

Nur Ilham, R., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R. ., Sinta, I. ., Multazam, M. ., & Syahputri, L. . (2022). APPLICATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN IMPROVING BENEFITS OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (An Emperical Evidence from Indonesian Stock Exchange at Moment of Covid-19). International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(5), 761–772. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i5.410

Rico Nur Ilham, Irada Sinta, & Mangasi Sinurat. (2022). THE EFFECT OF TECHNICAL ANALYSIS ON CRYPTOCURRENCY INVESTMENT RETURNS WITH THE 5 (FIVE) HIGHEST MARKET CAPITALIZATIONS IN INDONESIA. Jurnal Ekonomi, 11(02), 1022–1035. Retrieved from http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/view/481

Nur ilham, R., Likdanawati, L., Hamdiah, H., Adnan, A., & Sinta, I. . (2022). COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES “SOCIALIZATION AVOID STUDY INVESTMENT” TO THE STUDENT BOND OF SERDANG BEDAGAI. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 61–64. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.312

Wayan Mertha, I. ., & Mahfud, M. (2022). HISTORY LEARNING BASED ON WORDWALL APPLICATIONS TO IMPROVE STUDENT LEARNING RESULTS CLASS X IPS IN MA AS’ADIYAH KETAPANG. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(5), 507–612. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v2i5.369

Mahfud, M., Yudiana, I. K., & Sariyanto, S. (2022). HISTORY OF BANYUWANGI KALIKLATAK PLANTATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 3(1), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v3i1.492

Mahfud et all (2021). PEMANFAATAN TRADISI RESIK LAWON SUKU USING SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR SEJARAH LOKAL PADA SMA DI BANYUWANGI. Media Bina Ilmiah Vol.16 No.3 Oktober 2021. http://ejurnal.binawakya.or.id/index.php/MBI/article/view/1294/pdf

Sinta, I., Nur Ilham, R. ., Authar ND, M. ., M. Subhan, & Amru Usman. (2022). UTILIZATION OF DIGITAL MEDIA IN MARKETING GAYO ARABICA COFFEE. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(3), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i3.467

Nur Ilham, R., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R. ., Sinta, I. ., Multazam, M. ., & Syahputri, L. . (2022). APPLICATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN IMPROVING BENEFITS OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (An Emperical Evidence from Indonesian Stock Exchange at Moment of Covid-19). International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(5), 761–772. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i5.410

Mahfud et all (2020). Developing a Problem-Based Learning Model through E-Learning for Historical Subjects to Enhance Students Learning Outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Rogojampi. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 485 (2020) 012014 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/485/1/012014

Bhat, R. M., & Rajeshwari, R. (2022). Social Status of Women in Early Kashmir. Journal homepage: www. ijrpr. com ISSN, 2582(7421), 26-31.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). An Analytical Study of the Kushan Rule in Kashmir. Journal of Psychology and Political Science (JPPS) ISSN 2799-1024, 2(04), 9-14.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). A Historical Study of Prostitution. Journal of Media, Culture and Communication (JMCC) ISSN: 2799-1245, 2(04), 1-6.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Women Exploitation in the Contemporary India: Importance of Media to Impede it. Journal of Women Empowerment and Studies (JWES) ISSN: 2799-1253, 2(02), 27-30.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Dr. BR Ambedkar’s Views on Religion and Conversion to Buddhism: An Analytical Study. Journal of Legal Subjects (JLS) ISSN, 25-31.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Ghandian Phase: Mahila-Samitis and the Role of Women in the Indian National Movement. Journal of Women Empowerment and Studies (JWES) ISSN: 2799-1253, 2(01), 26-29.

Bhat, R. M. (2021). Reign of Utpala Dyansty with Special Reference to Avantiverman (855-883 AD): His Irrigation Works and Agricultural Development-A Historical Study. International Journal of Agriculture and Animal Production (IJAAP) ISSN 2799-0907, 1(02), 10-16.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). CULTURAL HERITAGE OF EARLY KASHMIR-A STUDY. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(4), 571-576.

Bhat, R. M. (2019). Ghadar Movement: Har Dayal and His Ideological Formulations. Think India Journal, 22(14), 2353-2363.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Legacy of Buddhism in Kashmir. Journal of Psychology and Political Science (JPPS) ISSN 2799-1024, 2(03), 23-30.

Bhat, R. M. (2018). Shawl Industry in Kashmir from 1846-1907 with Special Reference to the Dogra Rule. In Source: Proceedings of the South Indian History Congress (Vol. 38, pp. 554-557).

Bhat, R. M. (2023). DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR’S ADVOCACY OF WOMEN RIGHTS. MORFAI JOURNAL, 2(4), 730-736.

Bhat, R. M. (2023). THE GHADAR MOVEMENT: IGNITING THE FLAME OF FREEDOM IN INDIA. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 3(4), 1123-1131.

Bhat, R. M., Rajan, P., & Gamage, L. (2023). Redressing Historical Bias: Exploring the Path to an Accurate Representation of the Past. Journal of Social Science, 4(3), 698-705.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Queen Yasovati: A Descriptive Study on her Leadership in the Kingdom of Kashmir. Journal of Psychology and Political Science (JPPS) ISSN 2799-1024, 2(05), 11-17.

Bhat, R. M., & Rajeshwari, R. (2022, December). DIASPORIC CULTURE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS-A HISTORICAL STUDY. In International Conference on Health Science, Green Economics, Educational Review and Technology (Vol. 4, pp. 41-46).

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Historical Review of Indian Constitution. TRADITIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, 1(02), 100-110.

Bhat, R. M., Silllalee, A., & Kandasamy, L. S. (2023). Concepts and Contexts: The Interplay of Philosophy and History in Understanding Human Society. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(6), 2581-2590.