ANALYSIS OF FARMERS' INCOME AFFECTED ATTACKS OF PLANT DISTURB ORGANISMS IN SUSOH DISTRICT SOUTHWEST ACEH DISTRICT

Paddy field in Susoh District, Southwest Aceh Regency are very vulnerable to the impacts of climate change such as drought and floods which have caused the intensity of attacks by Paddy field Pest Organisms (OPT) decreased as it had in the previous growing season. Some farmers make mitigation efforts by spraying pesticides according to the recommendations of the local Plant Pest Organism Observer (POPT), but some other farmers do not carry out mitigation due to considerations of production costs that are quite large and ultimately affect the total revenue and income of farmers. This study aims to look at the differences in total production and average income between farmers who mitigate and farmers who do not mitigate pest attacks. The sample was divided into two categories, each category was taken by 28 farmer respondents randomly. The results of the independent test sample t-test on production obtained t-count (4.056) greater than t-table () while for income obtained t-count (4.056) greater than t-table (2.46) indicating there is a difference in production and average income between mitigating and non-mitigating farmers. Total GKP production obtained by mitigating farmers was an average of 2.608 tons and farmers who did not mitigate an average of 2.011 tons. The average income of farmers who mitigate pest attacks is IDR 4,821,834.79 per 0.4 hectare or IDR 12,054,600 per hectare, while farmers who do not mitigate pest attacks are IDR 2,888,103.86 per 0.4 hectare or IDR 7,220,260 per hectare per planting season

production costs incurred by farmers to purchase pesticides and labor costs to be quite high. The increase in production costs is expected to affect the total revenue and income of farmers and have implications for decreasing the welfare of farmers in meeting their daily needs and the continuity of their farming business in the following planting season. Departing from the impact of farmers' decisions in responding (mitigating or not mitigating) OPT attacks on income from their lowland rice farming, the research problem is formulated as follows: (1)Is there a difference in average income between farmers who mitigate and farmers who do not mitigate pest attacks, (2) Bwhat is the average income between farmers who do mitigation and farmers who do not mitigate OPT attacks in Susoh District, Aceh Barat Daya District. The aims of this study were to (1) analyze the difference in average income between farmers who mitigated and those who did not mitigate pest attacks and (2) find out the amount of income between farmers who mitigated and farmers who did not mitigate pest attacks due to the impact climate change (anomaly) in Susoh District, Southwest Aceh District.

METHODOLOGY 2.1. Location and Time of Research
This research was conducted in Susoh District, Aceh Barat Daya District, Aceh Province in November 2022. The location for the research was determined purposively (purposively) with the consideration that the intensity of attacks by Plant Pest Organisms (OPT) in Susoh District was relatively high (12.32%) compared to other districts.

Data Types and Sources
Types and sources of research data consist of (1) Primary data obtained from respondents through interviews (interviews) using a structured questionnaire, including data on the characteristics of farmers, farming, costs, production, income and income of paddy rice business, (2) Secondary data, data obtained from a second party, i.e. data published by other institutions consisting of the Regional Library, the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the Agriculture and Livestock Service Office of Southwest Aceh District, the Observer for Plant Pest Organisms (POPT) of Southwest Aceh District and the Regional Disaster Mitigation Agency (BPBD) Southwest Aceh District.

Population and Sample
The population in this study were lowland rice farmers who were attacked by OPT in Susoh District, totaling 94 people. Withdrawal of sThe sample used the Category Random Sampling method by grouping farmers into 2 (two) categories or characteristics, namely farmers who did mitigation and farmers who did not mitigate OPT attacks which were taken randomly (Random) with a total sample of 28 respondents each.

Data Analysis Models
Cost and Revenue Analysis. Soekartawi (2006) states that cost is the acquisition price sacrificedin order to earn income and will be used as a repetition of income. Production costs are calculated by adding up the total fixed production costs and variable production costs according to the following formula: In connection with the analysis of farming revenue put forward by Surtiyah (2015) that revenue is the total income received by farmers in the form of money obtained from the sale of crops for one production, according to the calculation of the following formula: Furthermore, Soekartawi (2006) states that income is the gross receipt (gross) received by farmers, resulting from the sale of crops, calculated by deducting revenue from the total cost for one production, according to the following formula:

Π = TR -TC
(Source: Soekartawi, 2006) Analysisji Independent Sample t-Test using the programSPSS for Windows v-20. According to Arikunto (2016) that the independent sample t-test is part of the parametric inferential statistical test used to determine whether there is an average difference between two groups originating from different subjects.
The t test formula mathematically is as follows: Information: R1 = The average income of farmers who doMitigation of OPT attacks R2 = The average income of farmers who do notMitigation of OPT attacks SS1 = Sum of squaresincome of farmers who mitigate pest attacks SS2 = Sum of squaresincome of farmers who do not mitigate pest attacks N1 = The number of farmers' income data that doMitigation of OPT attacks n2 = There are many data on farmers' income that are notMitigation of OPT attacks The hypothesis to be tested is formulated as follows: Ho : R1 = R2 :NoThere is a differenceaverage incomebetweenfarmers who mitigate against the average income of farmers who do not mitigate pest attacks. Hi: R1 ≠ R2 :There is a differenceaverage incomebetweenfarmers who mitigate against the average income of farmers who do not mitigate pest attacks.
Test criteria: If t arithmetic > t table or sig 2-tailed < 0.05 then Hi is accepted Ho is rejected. This means that there is a differenceaverage incomebetweenfarmers who mitigate against the average income of farmers who do not mitigate pest attacks. If tcount < ttable or sig 2-tailed > 0.05 then H0 is accepted H1 is rejected meaningNoThere is a differenceaverage incomebetweenfarmers who mitigate against the average income of farmers who do not mitigate pest attacks.

Plant Pest Organisms (OPT) and Mitigation Efforts
The results of observations and field studies of Observers of Plant Pest Organisms (POPT) of Southwest Aceh District during 2021-2022, detected the types of OPT that attacked farmers' rice plants in Susoh District were planthopper pests, planthopper bugs, brown walang stem borers and caterpillars with attack intensity average close to the economic threshold. Based on POPT recommendations, farmers are advised to do pspraying Decis 25 EC, Lindomin 865 SL and Regent 50 SC pesticides.The first spraying of the pesticide Lindomin 865 SL was carried out when the rice was between 7-10 days after planting (HST) and the second spraying when the land began to grow weeds. The spraying of Regent 50 SC pesticides was carried out intensively when paddy rice plants were attacked by stink bugs, brown bugs and stem borers. In addition to controlling plant pests, the use of this pesticide is also intended to strengthen the stems of paddy rice plants, because these types of pesticides contain growth regulators which make the roots of rice plants grow more. However, there are not a few farmers who do not mitigate by spraying against this OPT attack.

Lowland Rice Farming Costs
Cost analysis of lowland rice farming inthe research location is all costs incurred by farmers to obtain harvested dry grain production (GKP) at the prevailing price. Farming costs include fixed costs, variable costs (raw materials and labor).

Fixed Cost of Farming
Fixed costs are costs incurredwhose magnitude is always constant or fixed in number, not affected by the size of rice production. These fixed costs include costs of depreciation (depreciation) of farming equipment as shown in table 2 as follows:

Variable Cost of Farming
Variable costs are costs that are always changing depending on theproduction amount. The variable cost components calculated in paddy rice farming for the two sample farmer categories can be seen in the following table: Based on the table 2 above is knownamountvariable cost of paddy rice farming inmitigating farmer categoryan average of IDR 2,457,848 per farmer per planting season and farmers in the non-mitigation category an average of IDR 2,617,729 per farmer per planting season.The most variable cost component incurred by mitigating farmers is the input cost of buying rice seeds to re-insert them in planting clusters attacked by pests.Spraying activities carried out by adapted and non-adapted farmers using Decis 25 EC pesticides are carried out when the rice plants are 15, 21, 30 days after planting and at 45 days after planting, where farmers who have a land area of 0.8 hectares need total pesticides as much as 120 ml and farmers who have a land area of 0.4 hectares as much as 64 ml.

Farm Labor Costs
In most farms most of the labor comes from the familyFarmers themselves are the family's contribution to production and usually do not value the money or wages paid to family members after they work. However, over time, many family members are reluctant to work in the agricultural sector due to factors such as being educated or choosing to work in other sectors, which requires farmers to employ workers outside their family. These conditions require farmers to incur labor costs to expedite their farming activities, as can be seen in Table 6 below: Based on Table 6 it can be seen that more labor costs are incurred by mitigating farmers compared to non-mitigating farmers. The total labor cost incurred by mitigating farmers is Rp61,820,000with an average of Rp4,415,714per farmer per planting season while non-mitigation farmers are Rp49,160,014with an average of Rp3,511,430per farmer per growing season.

Total Cost of Paddy Rice Farming
Based on the resultsdata collection on fixed costs and variable costs as well as labor costs that have been taken into account, then with respect to the total costs of lowland rice farming for mitigating and non-mitigating farmers in Susoh District, Southwest Aceh District during the lowland rice planting season period can be seen in Table 7 as follows : Based on Table 7it can be seen that the total cost of lowland rice farming incurred by farmers per planting season by mitigating farmers is IDR 96,766,815 with an average of IDR 6,911,915 per farmer per planting season. Meanwhile, the total costs incurred by non-mitigation farmers amounted to IDR 86,286,548 with an average of IDR 6,163,325 per farmer per planting season.

Rice Paddy Farming Acceptance
Acceptance of paddy rice cultivation, well onfarmers who do mitigation and farmers who do not mitigate are the gross income of farming from the amount of dry milled grain (GKG) multiplied by the price per kilogram of GKG on the basis of market prices prevailing in Susoh District as detailed in Table 8 as follows: Based on Table 8 it can be seen that the revenue received by mitigating farmers is Rp164,272,500 with an average of IDR 11,733,750 per farmer per planting seasonand non mitigatingRp. 126,720,000 with an average of Rp. 9,051,429 per farmer per planting season. The difference in revenue obtained between the mitigating farmers and non-mitigating farmers is IDR 2,682,321 per farmer per planting season. This is because the production yield (GKG) obtained by mitigating farmers is 36,505 Kg, which is 36,505 Kg greater than non-mitigating farmers, which is 28,160 Kg.

Lowland Rice Farming Income
Incomein this case it is calculated from the difference between the total revenue and the total costs incurred by mitigating farmers and non-mitigating farmers. The income of the two categories of farmers who carry out mitigation and farmers who do not carry out mitigation are obtained as follows:

RESULTS OF DIFFERENCE TEST ANALYSIS
The results of statistical testing of independent sample t-test different tests using the SPSS20 application program at the level of confidence obtained the following output:  Table  2.46 or a sig value. 0.000 <0.05 with the decision-making criteria that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted means that there is a difference in average income between farmers who do mitigation and those who do not do mitigation in Susoh District, Aceh Barat Daya District.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of research that has been done it can be concludedthat: 1. Mitigation of rice plant pest attacks in Susoh District, Southwest Aceh Regency as a result of extreme climate change (anomaly), causing some farmers to make the decision to spray decis 25 EC pesticides, Lindomin 865 SL and Regent 50 SC, while farmers who do not carry out mitigation only use decis 25 EC under normal conditions for early anticipation not used when pests and plant diseases occur. 2. The results of the independent statistical test sample t-test showed that there was a difference in the average income of lowland rice farming between farmers who mitigated and those who did not mitigate pest attacks. The average income of lowland rice farmers in Susoh District, Southwest Aceh Regency, which mitigates OPT attacks per planting season on an average cultivated area scale of 0.4 hectares, is IDR 4,821,835 or IDR 12,054,600 per hectare, while the average income is -the average farmer who does not mitigate OPT attacks per season on an average cultivated area of 0.4 hectares is IDR 2,888,104 or IDR 7,220,260 per farmer per hectare.