THE ROLE OF WORK ENGAGEMENT MEDIATION IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB INSECURITY, ROLE AMBIGUITY AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT THE HEALTH SOCIAL SECURITY  ADMINISTRATOR AGENCY (BPJS) LANGSA BRANCH  OFFICE AND LHOKSEUMAWE BRANCH OFFICE

Fazila Monivatu Zahda; Nur Faliza; Teuku Zulkarnaen; Darmawati; Aiyub; Ibrahim Qamarius

doi:10.54443/ijset.v3i10.564

THE ROLE OF WORK ENGAGEMENT MEDIATION IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB INSECURITY, ROLE AMBIGUITY AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT THE HEALTH SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATOR AGENCY (BPJS) LANGSA BRANCH OFFICE AND LHOKSEUMAWE BRANCH OFFICE

Fazila Monivatu Zahda

Nur Faliza

Teuku Zulkarnaen

Darmawati

Aiyub

Ibrahim Qamarius

This study aims to examine the effect of job insecurity and role ambiguity on employee performance with work engagement as an intervening variable at the Social Security Administration Agency (BPJS) Health, Langsa and Lhokseumawe Branch Offices. The number of respondents in this study was 120 employees at the BPJS Health, Langsa and Lhokseumawe Branch Offices. The data analysis method used was Partial Least Square with Smart PLS Software. The results of this study found that job insecurity did not have a significant effect on work engagement and employee performance, while role ambiguity had a negative and significant effect on work engagement and employee performance and work engagement had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The results of the mediation test found that work engagement was unable to mediate the relationship between job insecurity and employee performance, but work engagement was able to mediate the relationship between role ambiguity and employee performance partially (Partial Mediation)

Keywords: Job Insecurity, Role Ambiguity, Work Engagement and Employee Performance

Abdullahi, M. S., Raman, K., & Solarin, S. A. (2022). Mediating role of employee engagement on the relationship between succession planning practice and employee performance in academic institutions: PLS-SEM approach. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 14(2), 808–828. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-02-2021-0056

Adnan, A. (2022). Kinerja Pegawai dan Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai pada Setdakab Kabupaten Aceh Utara. E-Mabis: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 23(2), 122–131.

Afriadi, A. D., Kusuma, A. R., & Irawan, B. (2018). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja, Komitmen Organisasi dan Sikap Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Kutai Timur. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.36805/manajemen.v4i2.529

Ali, M. (2017). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Badan Ketahanan Pangan dan Pelaksana Penyuluhan Daerah Kota Samarinda. Jurnal Paradigma, 2(3), 406–417.

Alshery, W. B. R., Bin Ahmad, F., & Al-Swidi, A. K. (2015). The moderating effect of role ambiguity on the relationship of job satisfaction, training and leadership with employee performance. International Journal of Business Administration, 6(2), 30–41. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v6n2p30

Altinay, L., Dai, Y.-D., Chang, J., Lee, C.-H., Zhuang, W.-L., & Liu, Y.-C. (2019). How to facilitate hotel employees’ work engagement. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(3), 1525–1542. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2017-0613

Amilin, A. (2017). The impact of role conflict and role ambiguity on accountants’ performance: The moderating effect of emotional quotient. European Research Studies Journal, 20(2). https://doi.org/123456789/29034

Amin, R. Al, & Pancasasti, R. (2022). Pengaruh Job Insecurity Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervering. Technomedia Journal, 6(2 Februari), 176–187.

Amjad, F., Abbas, W., Zia-UR-Rehman, M., Baig, S. A., Hashim, M., Khan, A., & Rehman, H. (2021). Effect of green human resource management practices on organizational sustainability: the mediating role of environmental and employee performance. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(22), 28191–28206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11307-9

Angelis, D. M., Mazzetti, G., & Guglielmi, D. (2021). Job insecurity and job performance: A serial mediated relationship and the buffering effect of organizational justice. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(2), 694057. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694057

Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.

Ashford, S. J., De Stobbeleir, K., & Nujella, M. (2016). To Seek or Not to Seek: Is That the Only Question? Recent Developments in Feedback-Seeking Literature. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 3(1), 213–239. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062314

Aslami, N. (2019). Pengaruh Job Insecurity Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Outsourcing Business Support Melalui Motivasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening pada PT. Telekomunikasi Selular Cabang Medan. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Akuntansi Medan, 1(2), 95–108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53950/jma.v3i2.71

Asplund, S., Åhlin, J., Åström, S., & Lindgren, B.-M. (2022). Experiences of work-related stress among highly stressed municipal employees in rural northern Sweden. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 17(1), 2056957. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2022.2056957

Astuti, N. L. P., Mimba, N., & Ratnadi, N. M. D. (2016). Pengaruh Work Engagement pada Kinerja Bendahara Pengeluaran dengan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Sebagai Pemoderasi. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 5(2016), 4057–4082.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research. Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173

Batool, I., & Nawaz, S. (2021). The Effects of Job Insecurity on Job Performance among Banking Employees: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement. South Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(4 SE-Articles), 51–67. https://doi.org/10.48165/sajssh.2021.2403

Bedarkar, M., & Pandita, D. (2014). A study on the drivers of employee engagement impacting employee performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 133, 106–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.174

Berberoglu, A. (2018). Impact of organizational climate on organizational commitment and perceived organizational performance: empirical evidence from public hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 18(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3149-z

Bernardin, H. J. (2007). Human Resources Management, An Experiential, Approach (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Bhuvanaiah, T., & Raya, R. P. (2016). Predicting employee work engagement levels, determinants and performance outcome: Empirical validation in the context of an information technology organization. Global Business Review, 17(4), 934–951.

Bongga, W., & Susanty, A. I. (2018). The influence of role conflict and role ambiguity on employee job satisfaction of transportation companies in Indonesia. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 7(2), 223–227. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59160/ijscm.v7i2.2067

Burkert, M., Fischer, F. M., & Schäffer, U. (2011). Application of the controllability principle and managerial performance: The role of role perceptions. Management Accounting Research, 22(3), 143–159.

Callea, A., Urbini, F., & Chirumbolo, A. (2016). The mediating role of organizational identification in the relationship between qualitative job insecurity, OCB and job performance. Journal of Management Development, 35(6), 735–746. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-10-2015-0143

Chiara, P., Luca, C., Annalisa, P., & Chiara, R. (2019). Emotional exhaustion among healthcare professionals: the effects of role ambiguity, work engagement and professional commitment. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 90(Suppl 6), 60. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v90i6-S.8481

Chin, W. W., & Newsted, P. R. (1999). Structural equation modeling analysis with small samples using partial least squares. Statistical Strategies for Small Sample Research, 1(1), 307–341.

Chirumbolo, A. (2015). The impact of job insecurity on counterproductive work behaviors: The moderating role of honesty–humility personality trait. The Journal of Psychology, 149(6), 554–569. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2014.916250

Cooke, F. L., Cooper, B., Bartram, T., Wang, J., & Mei, H. (2019). Mapping the relationships between high-performance work systems, employee resilience and engagement: a study of the banking industry in China. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(8), 1239–1260. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1137618

Darvishmotevali, M., & Ali, F. (2020). Job insecurity, subjective well-being and job performance: The moderating role of psychological capital. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87, 102462. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102462

De Cuyper, N., De Witte, H., Kinnunen, U., & Nätti, J. (2010). The relationship between job insecurity and employability and well-being among Finnish temporary and permanent employees. International Studies of Management & Organization, 40(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2753/IMO0020-8825400104

De Cuyper, N., Schreurs, B., De Witte, H., & Selenko, E. (2020). Impact of job insecurity on job performance introduction. Career Development International, 25(3), 221–228. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-06-2020-332

Debus, M. E., Unger, D., & König, C. J. (2020). Job insecurity and performance over time: the critical role of job insecurity duration. Career Development International, 25(3), 325–336. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-04-2018-0102

Dharma, A., Aiyub, A., & Qamarius, I. (2022). Pengaruh Konflik Kerja, Komunikasi Dan Stress Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Dinas Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Aceh Utara. J-MIND (Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia), 7(1), 83–92.

Diwanti, S. A., Elmi, F., & Rimawan, E. (2021). The Influence of Talent Management and Knowledge Management on Employee Performance with Employee Engagement as Intervening Variable (Case Study on Employees of Banten Regional Tax Office). Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11(7).

Ebbers, J. J., & Wijnberg, N. M. (2017). Betwixt and between: Role conflict, role ambiguity and role definition in project-based dual-leadership structures. Human Relations, 70(11), 1342–1365.

Efrilia, V. A., & Syah, T. Y. R. (2022). Pengaruh Empowering Leadership, Training, Dan Work Engagement Terhadap Employee Performance Dimoderasi Oleh Role Of Ambiguity (Studi Pada Badan Kepegawaian Negara Pusat). Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Ekonomi Syariah), 5(2), 2583–2593. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v5i2.853

Faliza, N., Setiawan, R., & Agustina, W. (2024). The effect of leadership effectiveness and Islamic work motivation on organization performance with Islamic work ethics as a moderating variable. Reslaj: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal, 6(1), 409–425.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104

Ghozali, I. (2016). Konsep, Teknik, dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program SMARTPLS 3.0. BP UNDIP, Semarang.

Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Konsep, teknik, aplikasi menggunakan Smart PLS 3.0 untuk penelitian empiris. BP Undip. Semarang.

Handoyo, A. W. (2017). Pengaruh Employee Engagement Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Tirta Rejeki Dewata. Agora, 5(1).

Harlie, M. (2010). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Motivasi dan Pengembangan Karier Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil Pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Tabalong di Tanjung Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Manajemen

Innanen, H., Tolvanen, A., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2014). Burnout, work engagement and workaholism among highly educated employees: Profiles, antecedents and outcomes. Burnout Research, 1(1), 38–49.

Ismail, H. N., Iqbal, A., & Nasr, L. (2019). Employee engagement and job performance in Lebanon: the mediating role of creativity. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(3), 506–523.

Judd, C. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1981). Process analysis: Estimating mediation in treatment evaluations. Evaluation Review, 5(5), 602–619. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X8100500502

June, S., & Mahmood, R. (2011). The relationship between role ambiguity, competency and person-job fit with the job performance of employees in the service sector SMEs in Malaysia. Business Management Dynamics, 1(2), 79.

Karatepe, O. M. (2013). High-performance work practices and hotel employee performance: The mediation of work engagement. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 32, 132–140.

Karatepe, O. M., & Olugbade, O. A. (2016). The mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between high-performance work practices and job outcomes of employees in Nigeria. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.

Kaswan, M. M. (2015). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Keunggulan Bersaing Organisasi. Penerbit Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta.

Khattak, M. A., Ul-Ain, Q., & Iqbal, N. (2013). Impact of role ambiguity on job satisfaction, mediating role of job stress. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 3(3), 28–39.

Kim, W., Han, S. J., & Park, J. (2019). Is the Role of Work Engagement Essential to Employee Performance or ‘Nice to Have’? In Sustainability (Vol. 11, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041050

Kustya, N. D., & Nugraheni, R. (2020). Analisis Pengaruh Work Engagement dan Kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan melalui Komitmen Organisasional sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi pada Kantor Pusat PDAM Tirta Moedal Kota Semarang). Diponegoro Journal of Management, 9(2). https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/djom/article/view/30333

Lai, F.-Y., Tang, H.-C., Lu, S.-C., Lee, Y.-C., & Lin, C.-C. (2020). Transformational leadership and job performance: The mediating role of work engagement. Sage Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899085

Maden, E. C. (2021). Role conflict, role ambiguity, and proactive behaviors: does flexible role orientation moderate the mediating impact of engagement? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(13), 2829–2855. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1616590

Matta, F. K., Scott, B. A., Koopman, J., & Conlon, D. E. (2015). Does seeing “eye to eye” affect work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior? A role theory perspective on LMX agreement. Academy of Management Journal, 58(6), 1686–1708. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.0106

Menguc, B., Auh, S., Yeniaras, V., & Katsikeas, C. S. (2017). The role of climate: implications for service employee engagement and customer service performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(3), 428–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-017-0526-9

Neuber, L., Englitz, C., Schulte, N., Forthmann, B., & Holling, H. (2022). How work engagement relates to performance and absenteeism: a meta-analysis. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 31(2), 292–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2021.1953989

Nimran, U. (2015). Perilaku Organisasi. Salemba Empat, Jakarta.

Novita, D., & Dewi, P. P. (2021). Pengaruh Pengaruh Job Insecurity dan Intention to Leave terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Kontrak di Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kota Surabaya. Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management, 1(3 SE-Articles), 343–351. https://doi.org/10.53363/buss.v1i3.13

Parayitam, S., Usman, S. A., Namasivaayam, R. R., & Naina, M. S. (2021). Knowledge management and emotional exhaustion as moderators in the relationship between role conflict and organizational performance: evidence from India. Journal of Knowledge Management, 25(6), 1456–1485. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-03-2020-0184

Park, J. H., & Ono, M. (2017). Effects of workplace bullying on work engagement and health: The mediating role of job insecurity. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(22), 3202–3225. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1155164

Partina, A. (2013). Role ambiguity and role conflict sebagai anteseden dari job insecurity pada contingent worker. Jurnal Perilaku Dan Strategi Bisnis, 1(1).

Qian, S., Yuan, Q., Niu, W., & Liu, Z. (2022). Is job insecurity always bad? The moderating role of job embeddedness in the relationship between job insecurity and job performance. Journal of Management & Organization, 28(5), 956–972. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2018.77

Radic, A., Arjona-Fuentes, J. M., Ariza-Montes, A., Han, H., & Law, R. (2020). Job demands–job resources (JD-R) model, work engagement, and well-being of cruise ship employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 88, 102518. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102518

Sakuraya, A., Shimazu, A., Eguchi, H., Kamiyama, K., Hara, Y., Namba, K., & Kawakami, N. (2017). Job crafting, work engagement, and psychological distress among Japanese employees: A cross-sectional study. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 11(6), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13030-017-0091-y

Sari, M. (2021). Pengaruh Employee Engagement Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Melalui Komitmen Organisasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening Di Bagian Rawat Jalan RSUD H. Abdul Manap Kota Jambi. Jurnal Manajemen Terapan Dan Keuangan, 10(03 SE-), 567–580. https://doi.org/10.22437/jmk.v10i03.15773

Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2003). Utrecht work engagement scale: Preliminary manual. Occupational Health Psychology Unit, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 26(1), 64–100.

Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The Measurement of Work Engagement With a Short Questionnaire. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471

Selenko, E., Mäkikangas, A., Mauno, S., & Kinnunen, U. (2013). How does job insecurity relate to self‐reported job performance? Analysing curvilinear associations in a longitudinal sample. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 86(4), 522–542. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12020

Sheraz, A., Wajid, M., Sajid, M., Qureshi, W. H., & Rizwan, M. (2014). Antecedents of Job Stress and its impact on employee’s Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions. International Journal of Learning & Development, 4(2), 204–226.

dustry in a competitive environment: A United Kingdom perspective.

Staufenbiel, T., & König, C. J. (2010). A model for the effects of job insecurity on performance, turnover intention, and absenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(1), 101–117.

Tian, G., Wang, J., Zhang, Z., & Wen, Y. (2019). Self-efficacy and work performance: The role of work engagement. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 47(12), 1–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8528

Tuffaha, M. (2020). The Determinants of Employee’s Performance: A Literature Review. Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.30560/jems.v3n3p14

Ugaddan, R. G., & Park, S. M. (2017). Quality of leadership and public service motivation: A social exchange perspective on employee engagement. International Journal of Public Sector Management.

Usman, A., Ahmed, Z., Ahmed, I., & Akbar, Z. (2011). Work stress experienced by the teaching staff of University of the Punjab, Pakistan: Antecedents and consequences. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(8), 202–210.

Vinzi, V. E., Trinchera, L., & Amato, S. (2010). PLS path modeling: from foundations to recent developments and open issues for model assessment and improvement. Handbook of Partial Least Squares, 47–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_3

Viswesvaran, C., & Ones, D. S. (2015). The SAGE Handbook of Industrial, Work & Organizational Psychology: V3: Managerial Psychology and Organizational Approaches. Sage. Journal of Business Ethics, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015820708345

Wang, H., Lu, C., & Siu, O. (2015). Job insecurity and job performance: The moderating role of organizational justice and the mediating role of work engagement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(4), 1249–1258. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038330

Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601–617.

Winidiantari, P. N., & Widhiyani, N. L. S. (2015). Pengaruh Konflik Peran, Ketidakjelasan Peran, Struktur Audit, Motivasi dan Kepuasan Kerja pada Kinerja Auditor. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana,

Yan, C.-H., Ni, J.-J., Chien, Y.-Y., & Lo, C.-F. (2021). Does workplace friendship promote or hinder hotel employees’ work engagement? The role of role ambiguity. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 46, 205–214. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.12.009

Yasa, I. W. M. (2017). Pengaruh Konflik Peran Dan Ambiguitas Peran Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Melalui Mediasi Stres Kerja Pada Dinas Kesehatan Kota Denpasar Bali. Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis JAGADITHA, 4(1), 38–57.

Zhang, L., Jiang, H., & Jin, T. (2020). Leader-member exchange and organisational citizenship behaviour: The mediating and moderating effects of role ambiguity. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 30(1), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2020.1721948

Absah, Y., Sadalia, I., Yuliaty, T., & Ilham, R. N. (2023). Msmes In Medan City During the New Normal. Quality - Access to Success, 24(193), 322–327. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/24.193.36

Cen, C. C., Cahyadi, W., Cahyadi, L., Candrasa, L., Sinurat, M., Ilham, R. N., & Saputra, J. (2021). Factors that affect competence and affective commitment and its implication on job performance: a case study of Stie Medan, Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 12, 4863–4870. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210842

Fuadi, Hasibuan, A. F. H., Ilham, R. N., Falahuddin, Wahyuddin, Khaddafi, M., Munandar, & Saputra, J. (2021). Investigating the effect of micro Waqf bank sector expansion on poverty alleviation: An evidence from Indonesia rural communities. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 4150–4158. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210745

Heikal, M., Ilham, R. N., Khaddafi, M., & Fuadi. (2022). Accelerate Economic Growth of Lhokseumawe City with Application of Supply Chain and Main Strategic Commodity Model Based on Sharia During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Quality - Access to Success, 23(191), 137–142. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/23.191.16

Ilham, R. N., Erlina, Fachrudin, K. A., Silalahi, A. S., & Saputra, J. (2019). Comparative of the supply chain and block chains to increase the country revenues via virtual tax transactions and replacing future of money. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(5), 1066–1069.

Ilham, R. N., Erlina, Fachrudin, K. A., Silalahi, A. S., Saputra, J., & Albra, W. (2019). Investigation of the bitcoin effects on the country revenues via virtual tax transactions for purchasing management. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(6), 737–740.

Mahdawi, Ratnawati, N., Saputra, J., Ilham, R. N., Siahaan, R., Jayanti, S. E., Sinurat, M., & Nainggolan, P. (2021). The effect of population growth on economic growth: An evidence from Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, July, 141–148. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210843

Mahdawi, Triyono, Sinaga, S., Collyn, D., Zalukhu, R. S., Saputra, J., Ilham, R. N., & Harianto, S. (2021). Analyzing the banks’ performance through financial statements: An application of the modified du pont method. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 5593–5600. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210947

Sadalia, I., Fadli, Ilham, R. N., Sinurat, M., Saputra, J., & Putri, D. E. (2021). Does social media affect banking industry financial performance in Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 3454–3459. https://doi.org/10.46254/an11.20210620

Sadalia, I., Muharam, H., Mulyana, A., Saputra, J., & Ilham, R. N. (2020). A structural relationship of entrepreneurial orientation and innovation through supply chain management on competitive advantage of SMEs in North Sumatera, Indonesia: The mediating role of financing factor. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 9(4), 237–243.

Nur Ilham, R. ., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R., Multazam, M. ., & Saifanur, A. . (2021). RELATHIONSIP BETWEEN MONEY VELOCITY AND INFLATION TO INCREASING STOCK INVESTMENT RETURN: EFFECTIVE STRATEGIC BY JAKARTA AUTOMATED TRADING SYSTEM NEXT GENERATION (JATS-NG) PLATFORM. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 1(1), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v1i1.27

Yusuf Iis, E., Wahyuddin, W., Thoyib, A., Nur Ilham, R., & Sinta, I. (2022). THE EFFECT OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH WORK MOTIVATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLE AT THE OFFICE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK IN ACEH. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(2), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i2.191

Geovani, I. ., Nurkhotijah, S. ., Kurniawan, H. ., Milanie, F., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF VICTIMS OF THE ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE TO REALIZE LEGAL PROTECTION FROM HUMAN RIGHTS ASPECTS: RESEARCH STUDY AT THE OFFICE OF SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN BATAM CITY. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 1(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v1i1.10

Bustani, B., Khaddafi, M. ., & Nur Ilham, R. (2022). REGIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF REGENCY/CITY REGIONAL ORIGINAL INCOME IN ACEH PROVINCE PERIOD YEAR 2016-2020. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(3), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v2i3.277

Nur Ilham, R., Heikal, M. ., Khaddafi, M. ., F, F., Ichsan, I., F, F., Abbas, D. ., Fauzul Hakim Hasibuan, A. ., Munandar, M., & Chalirafi, C. (2021). Survey of Leading Commodities Of Aceh Province As Academic Effort To Join And Build The Country. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 1(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v1i1.19

Nur ilham, R., Likdanawati, L., Hamdiah, H., Adnan, A., & Sinta, I. . (2022). COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES “SOCIALIZATION AVOID STUDY INVESTMENT” TO THE STUDENT BOND OF SERDANG BEDAGAI. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 61–64. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.312

Falahuddin, F., Fuadi, . F., Munandar, M., Juanda, R. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2022). INCREASING BUSINESS SUPPORTING CAPACITY IN MSMES BUSINESS GROUP TEMPE BUNGONG NANGGROE KERUPUK IN SYAMTALIRA ARON DISTRICT, UTARA ACEH REGENCY. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 65–68. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.313

Majied Sumatrani Saragih, M. ., Hikmah Saragih, U. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTIVATION AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION TO ICREASING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IMPLEMENTATION FROM SPP AL-FALAH GROUP AT BLOK 10 VILLAGE DOLOK MASIHUL. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.11

Sandi, H. ., Afni Yunita, N. ., Heikal, M. ., Nur Ilham, R. ., & Sinta, I. . (2021). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUDGET PARTICIPATION, JOB CHARACTERISTICS, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND WORK MOTIVATION AS MEDIATOR VARIABLES TO STRENGTHENING USER POWER PERFORMANCE: AN EMPERICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA GOVERNMENT. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.14

Sinurat, M. ., Heikal, M. ., Simanjuntak, A. ., Siahaan, R. ., & Nur Ilham, R. . (2021). PRODUCT QUALITY ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTEREST WITH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS A VARIABLE INTERVENING IN BLACK ONLINE STORE HIGH CLICK MARKET: Case Study on Customers of the Tebing Tinggi Black Market Online Store. MORFAI JOURNAL, 1(1), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i1.12

Ilham, Rico Nur. et all (2019). Investigation of the Bitcoin Effects on the Country Revenues via Virtual Tax Transactions for Purchasing Management. International Journal of Suplly Management.Volume 8 No.6 December 2019.

Ilham, Rico Nur. et all (2019).. Comparative of the Supply Chain and Block Chains to Increase the Country Revenues via Virtual Tax Transactions and Replacing Future of Money. International Journal of Suplly Management.Volume 8 No.5 August 2019.

Lasta Irawan, A. ., Briggs, D. ., Muhammad Azami, T. ., & Nurfaliza, N. (2021). THE EFFECT OF POSITION PROMOTION ON EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION WITH COMPENSATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLES: (Case Study on Harvesting Employees of PT. Karya Hevea Indonesia). International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i1.2

Rahmaniar, R., Subhan, S., Saharuddin, S., Nur Ilham, R. ., & Anwar, K. . (2022). THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ASPECTS ON THE SUCCESS OF THE CHIPS INDUSTRY IN MATANG GLUMPANG DUA AND PANTON PUMP. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(7), 337–348. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i7.36

likdanawati, likdanawati, Yanita, Y., Hamdiah, H., Nur Ilham, R., & Sinta, I. (2022). EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, WORK MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF PT. ACEH DISTRIBUS INDO RAYA. International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET), 1(8), 377–382. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v1i8.41

Nur Ilham, R., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R. ., Sinta, I. ., Multazam, M. ., & Syahputri, L. . (2022). APPLICATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN IMPROVING BENEFITS OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (An Emperical Evidence from Indonesian Stock Exchange at Moment of Covid-19). International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(5), 761–772. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i5.410

Rico Nur Ilham, Irada Sinta, & Mangasi Sinurat. (2022). THE EFFECT OF TECHNICAL ANALYSIS ON CRYPTOCURRENCY INVESTMENT RETURNS WITH THE 5 (FIVE) HIGHEST MARKET CAPITALIZATIONS IN INDONESIA. Jurnal Ekonomi, 11(02), 1022–1035. Retrieved from http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/view/481

Nur ilham, R., Likdanawati, L., Hamdiah, H., Adnan, A., & Sinta, I. . (2022). COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES “SOCIALIZATION AVOID STUDY INVESTMENT” TO THE STUDENT BOND OF SERDANG BEDAGAI. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(2), 61–64. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i2.312

Wayan Mertha, I. ., & Mahfud, M. (2022). HISTORY LEARNING BASED ON WORDWALL APPLICATIONS TO IMPROVE STUDENT LEARNING RESULTS CLASS X IPS IN MA AS’ADIYAH KETAPANG. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(5), 507–612. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v2i5.369

Mahfud, M., Yudiana, I. K., & Sariyanto, S. (2022). HISTORY OF BANYUWANGI KALIKLATAK PLANTATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 3(1), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v3i1.492

Mahfud et all (2021). PEMANFAATAN TRADISI RESIK LAWON SUKU USING SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR SEJARAH LOKAL PADA SMA DI BANYUWANGI. Media Bina Ilmiah Vol.16 No.3 Oktober 2021. http://ejurnal.binawakya.or.id/index.php/MBI/article/view/1294/pdf

Sinta, I., Nur Ilham, R. ., Authar ND, M. ., M. Subhan, & Amru Usman. (2022). UTILIZATION OF DIGITAL MEDIA IN MARKETING GAYO ARABICA COFFEE. IRPITAGE JOURNAL, 2(3), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.54443/irpitage.v2i3.467

Nur Ilham, R., Arliansyah, A., Juanda, R. ., Sinta, I. ., Multazam, M. ., & Syahputri, L. . (2022). APPLICATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN IMPROVING BENEFITS OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (An Emperical Evidence from Indonesian Stock Exchange at Moment of Covid-19). International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(5), 761–772. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i5.410

Mahfud et all (2020). Developing a Problem-Based Learning Model through E-Learning for Historical Subjects to Enhance Students Learning Outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Rogojampi. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 485 (2020) 012014 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/485/1/012014

Bhat, R. M., & Rajeshwari, R. (2022). Social Status of Women in Early Kashmir. Journal homepage: www. ijrpr. com ISSN, 2582(7421), 26-31.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). An Analytical Study of the Kushan Rule in Kashmir. Journal of Psychology and Political Science (JPPS) ISSN 2799-1024, 2(04), 9-14.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). A Historical Study of Prostitution. Journal of Media, Culture and Communication (JMCC) ISSN: 2799-1245, 2(04), 1-6.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Women Exploitation in the Contemporary India: Importance of Media to Impede it. Journal of Women Empowerment and Studies (JWES) ISSN: 2799-1253, 2(02), 27-30.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Dr. BR Ambedkar’s Views on Religion and Conversion to Buddhism: An Analytical Study. Journal of Legal Subjects (JLS) ISSN, 25-31.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Ghandian Phase: Mahila-Samitis and the Role of Women in the Indian National Movement. Journal of Women Empowerment and Studies (JWES) ISSN: 2799-1253, 2(01), 26-29.

Bhat, R. M. (2021). Reign of Utpala Dyansty with Special Reference to Avantiverman (855-883 AD): His Irrigation Works and Agricultural Development-A Historical Study. International Journal of Agriculture and Animal Production (IJAAP) ISSN 2799-0907, 1(02), 10-16.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). CULTURAL HERITAGE OF EARLY KASHMIR-A STUDY. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(4), 571-576.

Bhat, R. M. (2019). Ghadar Movement: Har Dayal and His Ideological Formulations. Think India Journal, 22(14), 2353-2363.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Legacy of Buddhism in Kashmir. Journal of Psychology and Political Science (JPPS) ISSN 2799-1024, 2(03), 23-30.

Bhat, R. M. (2018). Shawl Industry in Kashmir from 1846-1907 with Special Reference to the Dogra Rule. In Source: Proceedings of the South Indian History Congress (Vol. 38, pp. 554-557).

Bhat, R. M. (2023). DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR’S ADVOCACY OF WOMEN RIGHTS. MORFAI JOURNAL, 2(4), 730-736.

Bhat, R. M. (2023). THE GHADAR MOVEMENT: IGNITING THE FLAME OF FREEDOM IN INDIA. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 3(4), 1123-1131.

Bhat, R. M., Rajan, P., & Gamage, L. (2023). Redressing Historical Bias: Exploring the Path to an Accurate Representation of the Past. Journal of Social Science, 4(3), 698-705.

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Queen Yasovati: A Descriptive Study on her Leadership in the Kingdom of Kashmir. Journal of Psychology and Political Science (JPPS) ISSN 2799-1024, 2(05), 11-17.

Bhat, R. M., & Rajeshwari, R. (2022, December). DIASPORIC CULTURE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS-A HISTORICAL STUDY. In International Conference on Health Science, Green Economics, Educational Review and Technology (Vol. 4, pp. 41-46).

Bhat, R. M. (2022). Historical Review of Indian Constitution. TRADITIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, 1(02), 100-110.

Bhat, R. M., Silllalee, A., & Kandasamy, L. S. (2023). Concepts and Contexts: The Interplay of Philosophy and History in Understanding Human Society. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(6), 2581-2590.